Umhlahlandlela Wombhalo Wokuqina
2024-04-18 11798

Ukumelana, okuvame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi "R," izakhi zisetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhawulela ukugeleza kwamanje egatsheni lokujikeleza, okuqukethe amanani wokumelana ahleliwe kanye nama-terminals amabili ajwayelekile.Le ndatshana izongena ezinhlotsheni zokuphikisana, izimpawu, kanye nezindlela zokumelwa ukunikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwale ngxenye.Ake siqale!

Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukumelana ngokuvamile kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana.Lezi zingxenye zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanje egatsheni lokujikeleza, futhi ziza nenani lokumelana elinqunyelwe futhi zivame ukubekezela.Ukuphikiswa okuhleliwe kunenani lokumelana njalo, kanti ama-egrentiometer noma ukumelana okuguqukayo angashintshwa.Ngokufanelekile, ama-resistors aqondile, okusho ukuthi amanje asheshayo ngokusebenzisa i-resistor alingana ngokuqondile kumandla kagesi osheshayo kuwo wonke.Ukumelana okuguquguqukayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-voltage, okubandakanya ukulungisa ukumelana ngokuhambisa oxhumana nabo bensimbi obusekuhambeni kanye nento edalulwe.

Ukumelana namandla kagesi kube amandla okushisa, kukhombisa izici zawo zokucibishela amandla, kuyilapho futhi edlala izindima ekuhlukaniseni i-voltage kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanje emijikelezo.Noma ngabe ngezimpawu ze-AC noma ze-DC, ukumelana kungadlulisela lokhu ngempumelelo.Uphawu lwe-resistor ngukuthi "R," futhi iyunithi yalo yi-ohm (ω), ngezinto ezijwayelekile ezinjengama-bulbs akhanyayo noma izintambo zokushisa nazo zibheka amanani athile wokumelana.Ngokwengeziwe, ubukhulu bokumelana buthonywa yilokho okubonakalayo, ubude, izinga lokushisa kanye nendawo yesigaba.I-couffect yokushisa ichaza ukuthi inani lokumelana lishintsha kanjani ngokushisa kwamazinga okushisa, elichazwa njengokushintshwa kwamaphesenti nge-celdius per degree celsius.

Ukumelana kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo zabo, ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza, futhi kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziphambili.Abaphikisi abahleliwe banenani lokumelana elisethiwe elingeke liguqulwe, kufaka phakathi abamelana ne-carbon film, abamelana ne-metal film, kanye nabamelana namanxeba e-wire.

Ukuphikiswa kwefilimu kwekhabhoni kwenziwa ngokufaka i-carbon ungqimba endukuzeni ye-ceramic ngokusebenzisa i-vacuum emvula okushisa kakhulu, ukuguqula inani lokumelana ngokushintsha ububanzi besendlalelo sekhabhoni, noma ngokusika ama-grooves.Abamelana nalezi zinto ezizinzile zokumelana, izici ezinhle kakhulu zemvamisa, kanye nama-coefficients aphansi.Ziyabiza kakhulu maphakathi ne-elekthronikhi yabathengi abaphansi abanezilinganiso ezijwayelekile zamandla kusuka ku-1 / 8w kuya ku-2w, zilungele izindawo ezingaphansi kuka-70 ° C.

Ukuphikiswa kwe-Metal Film, okwenziwe nge-nickel-chromium Alloys, kwaziwa ngama-coefficients awo aphansi, ukuqina okuphezulu, nokunemba, kubenza balungele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka-125 ° C.Bakhiqiza umsindo ophansi futhi bavame ukusetshenziswa kwizicelo ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu nokuqina, njengakwemishini yezokuxhumana kanye nezinsimbi zezokwelapha.

Ukumelana kweWirewound kudalwe ngocingo lwensimbi ezungeza umnyombo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ngokunemba kwawo okuphezulu nokuqina, kufanelekile ngezicelo eziphezulu.

Ama-prossion aguquguqukayo, amanani akhe okumelana angashintshwa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, afake ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-slider, kanye nama-potentiometer e-digital, asebenza ngokulawula ivolumu nokulungisa amapharamitha wesekethe.

Ukuphikiswa okukhethekile, okufana nezinhlobo ezibucayi noma ezibucayi ze-voltage, nikeza ukusebenza okuqondile kokuzwa izinguquko zemvelo noma ukuvikela amasekethe.

Lezi zikhundla ezihlukile zakha umndeni oguquguqukayo, ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.

Ukumelana (ukumelana) kudonswa yincwadi r, ngeyunithi u-Ohm (OHM, ω), kuchazwe njengesilinganiso se-voltage kuze kube manje, isb.Ubukhulu bokumelana bukhombisa ukuthi umqhubi umqhubi uvimba kagesi njengamanje, ngefomula yomthetho ka-Ohm I = U / R, okukhombisa ukuthi okwamanje kuwumsebenzi wamandla kagesi nokumelana.

Amayunithi wokumelana afaka ama-Kiloohms (Kω) kanye ne-Megaohms (MEGAOHMS (MEGAH), nge-1m ngokulingana 1 Million million ω, amayunithi amakhulu anjenge-Gigaohms (Gω) kanye ne-Teraohms (Gω) kanye ne-Teraohms (tω) ukuba yinkulungwane megaohms nezinkulungwane zeGigaohms, ngokulandelana.

Emibhadweni yesiSekethe, amanani okumelana amelelwa uphawu "R" alandelwa inombolo ekhombisa amanani athile wokumelana nokunemba.Isibonelo, u-R10 ukhombisa ukumelana okungu-10.Ukubekezelela kuvame ukuvezwa njengamaphesenti, njenge- ± 1%, ± 5%, njll., Ukubonisa ukuphambuka okuphezulu kwenani lokumelana.

Amamodeli we-Resistor nawo angafaka okokuhlonza izinto zokwakha kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe, asizise ekukhetheni okunembile kwabaphikisi abafanele.Ithebula elingezansi libala izimpawu ezithile nezincazelo ezihlotshaniswa namamodeli wokuphikisa kanye nezinto zokwakha, ukusiza ukucacisa ukuqonda kwethu kwabaphikisi.

Izici eziyinhloko zokumelana okuvame ukusetshenziswa afaka ukuzinza okuphezulu, ukunemba, namandla okuphatha amandla.Ukuqina kubhekisele emandleni okugcina inani lokumelana ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, ehlobene kakhulu nezinto zokuphikisa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupakisha.Ukucacisa kukhombisa ukuphambuka kwenani lokumelana nenani layo eliphakeme, ngamaBanga ajwayelekile anempilo angu-1%, ama-5%, no-10%, njll. Amaphesenti aphezulu asetshenziswa kabanzi emibuthanweni eqondile.

Umthamo wokuphatha amandla akhombisa amandla aphezulu umphikisi ongawaphatha, ngamazinga anjengoku-1 / 4w, 1 / 2w, njll.

Ngokwengeziwe, isimo semvamisa somphikisi sichaza ukuthi inani layo lokumelana lishintsha kanjani ngokuvama kwesiginali, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesifunda esivame kakhulu.Izici zemvamisa ezinhle zisho ukuthi i-resistor ingalondoloze ukusebenza okuzinzile kulo lonke amaza ahlukahlukene.

Njengoba sikwazi ukubona, ukumelana okujwayelekile kubonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, amakhono okusingathwa kwamandla aqinile, kanye nezimpawu ezinhle zokuvama.Lezi zici zenza ukumelana okujwayelekile kusetshenziswe kabanzi emibuthanweni ehlukahlukene kagesi, okwazi ukuhlangana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zalezo ziyingi.

Ukuphikiswa okuhleliwe kuvame ukuvezwa emibhadweni yesifunda ngophawu olulula olunxande, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:

Imigqa edluliselwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zophawu imele izikhonkwane zokuxhuma.Lesi sithombe esisezingeni elisezingeni elifanele sikwenza lula ukuboniswa kobunzima bokungaphakathi kwe-resistor, kusiza ukufundwa nokuqonda kwemidwebo yesekethe.

Ukumelana okuguquguqukayo ekwakhiweni kwesifunda kukhonjiswa ngokungeza umcibisholo ku-resistor standard symbol ukuchaza ukuthi ukumelana kwabo kungalungiswa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngophawu olujwayelekile olusezingeni eliphakeme lokuphambene nalokhu:

Lolu phawu luhlukanisa ngokusobala phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezimbili ezilungisiwe kanye ne-PIN eyodwa eshukumisayo (i-wiper), ngokuvamile zikhonjwe yi- "RP" yabamele.Isibonelo sophawu lwendabuko lokuphambana lwendabuko, olubonisa ukubonakala lubonisa umgomo wokuvuselelwa kokumelana nokuxhumeka kwangempela kusifunda, kukhonjisiwe lapho iphini le-wiper lixhumene nenye yezikhonkwane ezimisiwe, ngempumelelo ingxenye yento yokumelana nayolungisa inani lokumelana.

Olunye uphawu olukhonjiswe ngezansi lusetshenziselwa i-potentimoometer, lapho i-proastitor eguquguqukayo inezikhonkwane ezintathu ezizimele ngokuphelele, okubonisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumeka nemisebenzi:

Ukumelana nokusethiwe kunguhlobo olukhethekile lokuphikiswa okuguqukayo okwenzelwe ukusetha amanani athile wokumelana emijikelezweni.Lokhu kumelana kulungiswa nge-screwdriver, kubiza kakhulu, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi kagesi ukunciphisa izindleko futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho.

Ukumelana nokusethayo akugcini nje ngokuguqula isimo sezezifunda ezisebenza kuphela kodwa nangokuvikela ngempumelelo izingxenye ezibucayi ngaphakathi kwamasekethe, njenge-capacitors kanye nabaxhumana be-DC.Lokhu bakwenza ngokunciphisa imigomo ephakeme kakhulu yokushaja okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke amandla-up, ukugwema okwedlulele okungadala ukulimala kwe-capacitor kanye nokwehluleka ukuxhumana.Isibonakaliso sokuphamba okusethiwe kuboniswe ngezansi:

Ekwakhiweni kwama-potentiometers, into emelana nokumelana ivame ukudalulwa, futhi ifakwe oxhumana nabo bensimbi obusekuhambeni.Isikhundla salaba oxhumana nabo ngento yokumelana sinquma ukumelana kusuka emaphethelweni owodwa wento koxhumana nabo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinta amavolutela okuphuma.Ngokuya ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenzisiwe, ama-Potentiometer angahlukaniswa ngezilonda zocingo, ifilimu yekhabhoni nezinhlobo eziqinile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Potentiometer angahlukaniswa ezinhlotsheni eziqondile ne-logarithmic ngokususelwa ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kokukhipha nokufaka izilinganiso ze-voltage kanye ne-angle yokujikeleza;Izinhlobo ze-Linear ziguqula i-voltage voltage ethambekayo nge-angle yokujikeleza, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-logarithmic zishintsha i-voltage ehlukile emfashinini ongahambisani.

Amapharamitha asemqoka afaka inani lokumelana, ukubekezelelana namandla alinganiselwe.Uphawu lwesimo se-Potentiometer "RP", lapho i- "R" imile ukumelana kanye nesijobelelo "P" kukhombisa ukulungiswa kwayo.Abasetshenziswa nje kuphela njengabahlukanisi bamathanta kodwa futhi balungisa izinga lamandla amakhanda ama-laser.Ngokushintsha indlela yokuslayida noma ejikelezayo phakathi koxhumana nabo abahambayo futhi abahleliwe bangashintshwa ngokususelwa esikhundleni, okwenza ama-Potentiometer alungele ukulungiswa kokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi emijikelezo.

Abe-Thermitors eza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-coeffiently enhle yokushisa (PTC) kanye nokushisa okungalungile (i-NTC).Amadivaysi e-PTC anokumelana okuphansi emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile (ama-ohms ambalwa kumashumi ambalwa ama-ohms) kodwa angakhuphuka kakhulu kumakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-ohms ngemizuzwana lapho kuvame ukwenziwa okulinganiselwe, okuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-motor Standar, Demization,kanye ne-fuse circuits.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadivaysi e-NTC abonisa ukumelana okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile (amashumi amaningana ezinkulungwaneni zama-ohms) ancishiswe ngokushesha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka nokulawula izimbuwu, ezifana nezinhlelo zokulawula ama-transnicor (njengezimo zomoya neziqandisi).

Ukumelana kwama-Photoresistors kulingana kakhulu ngokuqina kokukhanya.Imvamisa, ukumelana kwabo kungaba phezulu njengoba amashumi ama-kiloohms ebumnyameni, futhi wehla kumakhulu ambalwa kuya kumashumi ambalwa ama-ohms ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhanyayo.Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushintsheni okulawulwa okukhanyayo, ukubala amasekethe, nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo.

Izinhlobo ze-Varitor zisebenzisa izici zazo zamanje zeVoltageLokhu kumelana kuvame ukwenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa ze-semiconductor ezinjenge-zinc onide (zno), ngamanani wokumelana ahlukahluka ngamandla asetshenzisiwe asetshenzisiwe, asetshenziswa kabanzi ukudonsa ama-voltage spikes.

Abamelanaqhalisa abanomswakama basebenza ngokususelwa ezicini zokufakwa komswakama kwezinto ze-hygroscopic (njenge-lithium chloride noma amafilimu we-organic polymer), ngamanani wokumelana ancipha ngokukhulisa umswakama wezemvelo.Abamelana nalezi zisetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ezimbonini zokuqapha nokulawula umswakama wezemvelo.

Abamelana bakagesi - Abasongelwa igesi Guqula izingxenye ezitholakele igesi kanye nokugxila kuzimpawu zikagesi, ngokuyinhloko kwakhiwa ama-semiconductor wensimbi we-axide accouctors lapho ephendula amagesi athile.Lawa madivayisi asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokuqapha zemvelo nokuphepha ukuze athole ukugxila kwamagesi ayingozi kanye nokungcola.

Ukumelana kwama-magneto kuguqula ukumelana kwabo ekuphenduleni kwe-V ariat Ion kumandla kazibuthe angaphandle, isimilo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-Magnetosusentance Effect.Lezi zingxenye zihlinzeka ngempendulo enengqondo ephezulu yokulinganisa amandla esikhunzi kanye nokuqondisa, okusetshenziswa kabanzi kwimishini yokulinganisa ne-angle.

Izindlela zokumaka amanani wokuphikisana nokumaka zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezine: Ukumaka okuqondile, ukumaka uphawu, ukufaka amakhodi edijithali, kanye nokufaka imibala, ngalinye linezidingo ezihlukile zokuhlonza.

Le ndlela ifaka izinamba eziphrinta ngokuqondile kanye nezimpawu zamayunithi (njenge-ω) ebusweni bomhlaba, ngokwesibonelo, "220ω)," 220ω), "220ω)," 220ω), "220ω)," 220ω), "220ω)," 220ω), "220ω)," 220ω), "220ω)," 220ω), "Uma kungekho ukubekezelela okucacisiwe ku-resistor, ukubekezelela okuzenzakalelayo kwe- ± 20% kucatshangwa.Ukubekezelela kuvame ukuvezwa ngqo njengamaphesenti, okuvumela ukukhonjwa okusheshayo.

Le ndlela isebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinombolo zama-Arabhu kanye nezimpawu ezithile zombhalo ukukhombisa amanani okumelana namaphutha.Isibonelo, igama elithi "105k" lapho "105" libonisa inani lokumelana, futhi "k" limele ukubekezelelana kwe- ± 10 10%.Ngale ndlela, ingxenye yenombolo yenombolo ikhombisa inani lokumelana, futhi ingxenye yedesimali ihlukaniswe izinombolo ezimbili ezimele ukubekezelelana, ngezimpawu zombhalo ezinjenge-d, f, g, kanye nokunye okuhambelana namanani ahlukene wokubekezelela,njenge- ± 0.5%, ± 1%, njll.

Ukumelana kumakwe kusetshenziswa ikhodi enamadijithi amathathu, lapho amadijithi amabili okuqala amelela izinombolo ezibalulekile, futhi idijithi lesithathu limelela i-Exponent (inani lama-zeros alandelayo), neyunithi ethathwa njenge-Ohms.Isibonelo, ikhodi "473" isho ukuthi 47 × 10 ^ 3 ω noma 47k ω.Ukubekezelela kuvame ukukhonjiswa ngezimpawu zombhalo ezinjenge-J (± 5%), ne-K (± 10%).

Ukumelana Sebenzisa imibala ehlukene yamabhande noma amachashazi ukumela amanani wokumelana nokubekezelelana.Amakhodi wemibala ejwayelekile afaka umnyama (0), ansundu (1), obomvu (2), owolintshi (3), ophuzi (4), oluhlaza (ama-7), aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ama-7), amhlophe (8), amhlophe(9), negolide (± 5%), isiliva (± 10%), akekho (, neqembu lokugcina ukubekezelelana;Emhlanganweni wamabhendi amahlanu, amabhendi amathathu okuqala akhombisa izibalo ezibalulekile, i-band yesine amandla e-TEN, kanti iqembu lesihlanu libonisa ukubekezelelana, ngegebe elibalulekile phakathi kwamaqembu wesihlanu nawo wonke amanye amaqembu.

Ukusuka ekuphikisweni okungahleliwe kuya kuma-prossion aguqukayo, futhi kubavikeli abakhethekile, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-resistor lunezindawo zalo ezihlukile ezingokomzimba nezindawo zohlelo lokusebenza.Sekukonke, ukwehlukahlukana kwabaphikisi kanye nemigomo yezobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwabo akubonisi nje ukujula nobubanzi bezobuchwepheshe bezakhi ze-elekthronikhi kodwa futhi kukhombise ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenziwa okusha kwe-elektroniki.Ukuqonda izinhlobo, izici, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezicelo zabaphikisi kubalulekile futhi kubalulekile kubaklami besifunda kanye nochwepheshe be-elekthronikhi.

Uma unemibuzo noma udinga imininingwane eminingi, sicela uxhumane nathi.

Ngokuvamile, ama-resistors avame ukumelwa yizimpawu ezinjenge-R, RN, RF, kanye ne-FS.Esisekelweni, uphawu lomphikisi ohleliwe kanye nokuphikiswa kokunciphiswa ngu-r, futhi uphawu lwe-potentiometer luyi-RP.

Isibonakaliso se-1 kilohm (1kω) imvamisa imelelwa ngokuthi "1k" noma "1kıy".Le ncwadi "K" isho isiqalo se-SI unit "kilo," emelela umzilaningi we-1 000.Ngakho-ke, "1ky 1k" kubonisa ukumelana nenani lokumelana lama-1,000 ohms.

I-Resistor iyingxenye kagesi ebulalayo ebulalayo esetshenziselwa ukumelana kukagesi njengento yesifunda.Emibuthanweni ye-elekthronikhi, asetshenziselwa ukumelana nokunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanje, ukulungisa amazinga wesiginali, ahlukanise ama-voltal, ama-volitages, izinto ezisebenzayo, kanye nokunqamula imigqa yokuhambisa, phakathi kokunye ukusetshenziswa.