Isingeniso kubuchwepheshe beCMOS
2024-07-09 6622

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-Digital Electronics kubunjwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Metal-oxide-semiteonductor (CMOS) Technology.Okuphuthumayo ekuphenduleni isidingo sejubane lokucubungula ngokushesha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenzayo, ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS buguqule ukwakheka kwesizungu ngendlela yayo yokulawula amandla nobuqotho besiginali.Ngokungafani namadivayisi we-bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) ancike ekuhambeni kwamanje, amadivaysi e-CMOs asebenzisa izindlela ezilawulwa ngugesi ezinciphisa kakhulu isango zamanje, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukulahleka kwamandla.Lobu buchwepheshe baqale bathola ukugcwala kwe-elekthronikhi yabathengi ngawo-1970, njengakuwamawashi kagesi, kodwa kwakuwukufika kokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kakhulu (VLSI) ngeminyaka yama-CMO njenge-CORNERELONE ku-elekthronikhi yanamuhla.I-ERA ibone ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS Ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesifunda, ukumelana nomsindo, kanye nokusebenza kwamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye namavoloshi ngenkathi wenza lula inqubo yokwakhiwa.Lezi zithuthukisi azikhuphuki kuphela ukubalwa kwe-transistor kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezigidini kwi-chip eyodwa kodwa futhi kwandiswa ukusebenza kwama-CMO kuwo womabili ama-vlsi ahlanganisiwe afana ne-transistor-ttl) ngenxa yejubane lawo eliphakeme futhiimisebenzi ephansi ye-voltage.

Namabhuku

Ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sutal-oxide-semide-semichenductor (CMOS) Technology kube yingxenye enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwesifunda sedijithali.Kuvele ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesidingo sokucutshungulwa ngokushesha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.Ngokungafani namadivayisi we-Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), ancike ekuhambeni kwamanje, ama-CMO asebenzisa izindlela ezilawulwa ngugesi.Umehluko omkhulu usiza ukunciphisa amanje esangweni, ukusika ukulahleka kwamandla kakhulu.Ngawo-1970s, ama-CMO asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kwi-elekthronikhi yabathengi, njengamawashi kagesi.

Isimo esishintshile sashintsha ngawo-1980s ngokuqala kobuchwepheshe obukhulu kakhulu (VLSI) ubuchwepheshe, owamukela kakhulu ama-CMO ama-CMO ngezizathu eziningana.I-CMOS isebenzisa amandla amancane, inikezela ngokumelana nomsindo ongcono, futhi yenza kahle kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye nama-voltages ahlukahlukene.Kukwenza lula futhi ukwakheka kwesifunda okukhulisa ukwethenjwa nokuvumelana nezimo.Lezi zici zivumele ukwanda okukhulu kokuhlanganiswa kwama-chip asuselwa ku-CMO, asuka ezinkulungwaneni eziya ezigidini zokudluliselwa kwe-chip ngayinye.

Namuhla, ama-CMOs awusizo kuwo womabili ama-design we-vlsi edijithali futhi ahlanganisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obudala obufana ne-transistor-transistor logic (TTL) ngenxa yejubane layo eliphakeme kanye nokusebenza kwama-voltages aphansi.Ukuncipha kwayo okusakazwayo okugcwele umthelela we-CMOS we-CMOS ku-elekthronikhi yanamuhla, okwenza kube ubuchwepheshe be-Go-kubuchwepheshe ngakho konke kusuka kumagajethi ansuku zonke athuthukile.

Umdwebo 1: Sebenzisa ukulinganisa izici zikagesi

Umgomo Wokusebenza Kwama-CMO

Umgomo oyisisekelo we-Metal-Oxide-Semide-Semidector (CMOS) Technology usebenzisa ama-transistors we-N-Type Ap kanye ne-P-Type ukudala amasetheli we-logic asebenzayo.Isiginali yokufaka eyodwa silawula indlela yokushintsha yalawa ma-transistors, ijika ikhehla ngenkathi icisha enye.Lo mklamo uqeda isidingo sabamelana nendabuko yokuphangwa kwendabuko esetshenziswe kolunye ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor, wenza lula ukwakheka kanye nokwenza ngcono amandla okusebenza kwamandla.

Ekusethweni kwe-CMOS, uhlobo lwe-n-oxide-semide-semiconductor field transistors) kwakha inethiwekhi yokudonsa phansi exhuma okukhishwa kwesango le-logic ekuhlinzekeni okuphansi kwe-voltage, imvamisa (VSS).Lokhu kuthatha indawo yokumelana komthwalo emibuthanweni ye-NMOS endala enengqondo, eyayingasebenzi kahle ekuphatheni izinguquko ze-voltage kanye nokuthambekela ngaphezulu kokulahlekelwa amandla.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ze-P-Type Mosfets zakha inethiwekhi yokudonsa exhumanisa umphumela wokuhlinzekwa kwe-voltage ephakeme (VDD).Lokhu kuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi okumbaxambili kuqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela ulawulwa kakhulu futhi ubikezele nganoma yikuphi ukufakwa okunikezwe.

Lapho isango le-P-Type Mosfet licushiwe, liyacisha ngenkathi i-N-Type Mosfet ehambisanayo icisha, futhi okuphambene nalokho.Lokhu ku-interplay kumane kube lula kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezesekeli kepha futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka okusebenzayo nokusebenza kwensiza.Ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS buzuzisa abasebenzisi abadinga amasistimu kagesi athembekile futhi afanelekile.

Umdwebo 2: Isingeniso ku-CMOS Tech

I-inverter

I-inverter iyinto eyinhloko yokwakheka kwesifunda sedijithali, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi kanambambili nokunengqondo.Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukubuyisela isiginali yokufaka ngaphakathi kwamazinga we-Binary Logic.Ngamagama alula, a '0' kubhekwa njenge-volts ephansi noma zero, futhi '1' kuphezulu noma v volts.Lapho i-Inverter ithola okokufaka kwama-volts 0

Ithebula leqiniso livame ukukhombisa umsebenzi we-inverter ngokufaka uhlu konke okufakwayo kanye nokuphuma kwabo okuhambisanayo.Leli tafula libonisa ngokusobala ukuthi okokufaka kwe-'0' kukhiqiza umphumela we-'1 ', kanye nokufakwa kwe-' 1 'kuphumela ekuphumeni kwe-' 0 '.Le nqubo yokungenelela iyadingeka ezinqumweni ezinengqondo kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha ku-Computing kanye nezinhlelo zedijithali.

Ukusebenza kwe-Inverter kuyadingeka ekuxhumaneni okwengeziwe kwedijithali.Inika amandla okubushelelezi kwemisebenzi ye-computational ephezulu ye-computational futhi isiza ukuphatha ukugeleza kwedatha ngaphakathi kwamasekethe.

Ithebula 1: Ithebula Leqiniso Le-Inverter

I-CMOS inverter

I-CMOS inverter iyimodeli yokusebenza kahle kwe-elekthronikhi, enomklamo olula ngama-NMO kanye nama-PMOS transtors axhunyiwe ochungechungeni.Amasango abo ahlanganiswe ndawonye njengokufaka, futhi imisele yawo ixhunyiwe ukuze kwakhiwe umphumela.Leli lungiselelo linciphisa ukuncipha kwamandla, okwenza umjikelezo wokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Lapho isinali lokufaka liphezulu (logic '1'), i-NMOS Transistor iyaphenduka, yenze kwamanje nokudonsa okuphumayo ku-Low State (Logic '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 '0' 0 ').Ngasikhathi sinye, i-PMOS Transistor icishiwe, ihlukanisa ukulethwa okuhle kokuphuma.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho okufakwayo kuphansi (logic '0')

Lokhu kuhlangana phakathi kwama-NMOs ne-PMOS Transtors kuvumela i-inserter ukuthi ilondoloze okuzenzakalelayo okuzinzile naphezu kwamandla kagesi wokufaka v ariat ion.Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-transistor eyodwa ihlala icishiwe ngenkathi enye ikhona, i-CMOS inverter igcina amandla futhi ivimbela indlela eqondile kagesi evela ekuphaphemeni kwamandla emhlabathini.Kuzosiza ukuvikela indawo engadingekile yamandla.Lokhu kusetha kwe-Dransistor Transistor kuchaza indima eyinhloko ye-CMOS Inverter ku-Digital Circleitry, ukuhlinzeka ngokungenisa okuthembekile okunengqondo ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane nokwethembeka kwesiginali ephezulu.

Umdwebo 3: Ama-CMOS Logic Gates

I-NMOS inverter

I-NMOS inverter yakhelwe kusetshenziswa ukusetha okuqondile nokusebenzayo.Kulesi silungiselelo, isango lisebenza njengokufaka, imisebenzi yokuphuma njengomphumela, futhi bobabili umthombo kanye ne-substrate asusiwe.Umnyombo waleli lungiselelo yi-N-Channel Mosfet.Kusetshenziswa i-voltage ye-voltage ku-drain ngokusebenzisa ukumelana umthwalo ukuze kusungulwe ukukhetha okulungile.

Lapho okokufaka kwesango kufakwa, kumelela okunengqondo '0', akukho moya okhona esangweni.Lokhu kuntuleka kwamandla kagesi kuvimbela isiteshi esisebenzayo kusuka ekwakheni eMosset, okwenza kube ngumjikelezo ovulekile onokumelana okuphezulu.Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugeleza okuncane okuningana kusuka ekuhambeni komthombo, okubangela ukukhishwa votarage ukukhuphuka eduze + v, okuhambelana ne-logic '1'.Lapho kufakwa i-voltage evumayo esangweni, kudonsela ama-elektroni ku-interface yesango oxide, akha isiteshi sohlobo lwe-N.Lesi siteshi sinciphisa ukumelana phakathi komthombo nokukhukhuma, ukuvumela okwamanje ukugeleza bese uphonsa i-voltage voltage eya ecishe ibe yindawo, noma i-logic '0'.

Lo msebenzi ukhombisa i-NMOS Inverter njengethuluzi elisebenzayo lokudonsa phansi, eliwusizo kwimisebenzi yokushintsha kanambambili.Kuyasiza ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kusetha kuvame ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi uma kusesimweni se-'ngiUkusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulayo kuvela ekuhambeni okuqhubekayo kwamanje kusuka ekunikezelweni kwamandla emhlabathini lapho i-transistor isebenza, igqamisa ukuhweba okusebenzayo kokusebenza ku-NMOS Inverter Design.

I-pmos inverter

Umdwebo 4: CMOS ICS Basics

I-Inverter ye-PMOS ihlelwe ngokufanayo ne-NMOS inverter kodwa ngokubuyiselwa kwemali kagesi.Kulokhu kusetha, kusetshenziswa i-PMOS Transistor nge-voltage enhle esetshenziswe kuwo womabili ama-substrate kanye nomthombo, ngenkathi umgomo wokulayisha uxhumeke emhlabathini.

Lapho i-voltage yokufaka iphakeme e + v (logic '1'), i-voltage yesango-to-field iba yi-zero, iguqula i-transistor 'icime'.Lokhu kudala indlela yokumelana ephakeme phakathi komthombo nokuyala, ukugcina ama-voltage voltage aphansi ku-logic '0'.

Lapho okokufaka ku-0 Volts (Logic '0'), i-voltage yesango-to-field iba yisihlobo esingesihle nomthombo.Le voltage ebi ishaja ithimba le-capacitor yesango, elisebenzisa indawo ye-semiconductor kusuka ku-n-hlobo ku-P-TYPE, futhi yakha isiteshi esisebenzayo.Lesi siteshi sinciphisa kakhulu ukumelana phakathi komthombo nokuyala, okuvumela okwamanje ukuthi kugeleze ngokukhululeka kusuka kumthombo kuya kumthombo kuya endaweni.Ngenxa yalokhu, i-voltage ekhishwayo ikhuphuka eduze kwe-voltage kagesi etholakalayo + V, ehambelana ne-logic '1'.

Ngale ndlela, i-PMOS Transistor isebenza njengedivaysi yokudonsa, enikeza indlela ephansi yokumelana namandla kagesi atholakalayo lapho icushiwe.Lokhu kwenza i-PMOS Inverter ibe yingxenye eyinhloko ekwakheni i-Inventsion Entekenteke nethembekile.Kuqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela uqhutshwa ngokuqinile esimweni esiphakeme lapho kudingeka.

Isigaba sesiphambano se-CMOs

Umdwebo 5: Isigaba sesiphambano se-CMOS Gate

I-CMOS chip ihlanganisa ama-NMOs nama-PMOS transstrate kwi-Silicon Substrate eyodwa, akha umjikelezo we-inverter ohlangene futhi ofanele.Ukubuka isigaba sesiphambano salokhu kusetha kukhombisa ukubekwa kwamasu kwalawa ma-transistors, ukwenza kahle ukusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kukagesi.

I-PMOS Transistor ifakwe ku-n-Type Substrate, kuyilapho i-NMOS Transtoror ibekwa endaweni ehlukile ye-P-TYPE ebizwa nge-P-kahle.Leli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuthi i-transistor ngayinye isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.I-P-kahle isebenza njengendawo yokusebenza ye-NMOS transistor futhi ihlukanise izindlela zikagesi ze-NMOs and PMOS transistors, ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka.Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyasiza ukugcina ubuqotho besiginali kanye nokusebenza kwesekethwa kwe-CMOS jikelele.

Lokhu kucushwa kuvumela i-chip ukuthi ishintshe phakathi kwezifunda eziphakeme neziphansi ze-logic ngokushesha nangokwethembekile.Ngokuhlanganisa zombili izinhlobo zokudluliswa kwama-transistors kuyunithi elilodwa, umklamo we-CMOS ulinganisa izici zawo zikagesi, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwesifunda okuzinzile futhi okusebenzayo.Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisa usayizi futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamadivayisi wanamuhla kagesi, kukhombisa ubunjiniyela obuthuthukisiwe ngemuva kobuchwepheshe be-CMOS.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kwe-CMOS inverter

Isici esingukhiye sobuchwepheshe be-CMOS kungukusebenza kwayo ekufezeni kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezi-static noma ezingenamsebenzi.Lapho kungasebenzi, inverter ye-CMOS idonsela amandla amancane kakhulu njengoba i-transistor "off" ivuza kuphela yamanje.Lokhu kwenziwa kahle kuyasiza ukugcina imfucumfucu yamandla futhi unwebe impilo yebhethri yamadivayisi aphathekayo.

Umdwebo 6: Izinzwa ze-CMOS- zamakhamera wezimboni

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okunamandla, lapho i-inverter ishintsha ithi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kukhuphuka okwesikhashana.Lesi spike senzeka ngoba, okwesikhashana, womabili ama-NMOs kanye nama-PMOs transistors angenxa, edala indlela eqondile eqondile yokugeleza kwamanje kusuka ku-Supply Voltage kuya emhlabathini.Ngaphandle kwalokhu kunyuka kwalesi sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okujwayelekile kwe-CMOS Inverter kuhlale kuphansi kakhulu kunalokho kobuchwepheshe obudala njenge-transistor-transistor logic (TTL).

Lokhu kuthobela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kwamandla aphansi kuzo zonke izindlela ezihlukile zokusebenza kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwemibuthano ye-CMOS.Ukwenza kube kuhle ngezicelo lapho ukutholakala kwamandla kukhawulelwe, njengamadivayisi eselula kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe obunamandla bebhethri.

Umdwebo wamandla we-steady-state aphansi wama-CMOs akhiqiza ukushisa okuncane okunciphisa ukucindezela okushisayo kwizakhi zedivayisi.Lesi sizukulwane esincishisiwe sokushisa singandisa isikhathi sokuphila samadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, okwenza ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS Isici esiyisihluthulelo ekwakheni amasistimu we-elektroniki asebenza kahle futhi angabizi.

I-DC Voltage Transfer Isici se-CMOS Inverter

Umdwebo 7: Lungiselela amasekethe amandla nokusebenza okusheshayo

I-DC Voltage Transfer Convertance (VTC) ye-CMOS Inverter iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqonda ukusebenza kwalo.Kubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokufaka nokukhipha ama-voltages ku-static (okungashintshi), ukuhlinzeka ngombono ocacile wokusebenza kwe-inverter kuwo wonke amazinga okufaka ahlukile.

E-center eklanywe kahle ye-CMOS, lapho ama-NMOs kanye nama-PMOs transistors alinganiselwe, i-VTC icishe ilungele.Kuyinto elula futhi inenguquko ebukhali phakathi kwamandla aphezulu okukhipha okuphansi afinyelela endaweni ethile ye-voltage vellshold.Lo mkhawulo uyiphuzu lapho i-inverter ishintsha isuka kwesinye isimo esinengqondo iye kwesinye, ishintsha ngokushesha kusuka ku-logic '1' kuya 'okuphambene nalokho.

Ukunemba kwe-VTC kuyasiza ukuthola ama-voltage Voltage Grauits of Digital Cirects.Ikhomba amaphuzu aqondile lapho okuphuma khona kuzoshintsha khona izifundazwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasiginali we-logic acacile futhi aguqukayo, futhi anciphisa ubungozi wamaphutha ngenxa yama-voltage v ariat ion.

Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-CMOS

Ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS bunikeza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi okuphansi.Ukwenza kube wusizo ngokwengeziwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi anikwe amandla ebhethri, njengoba usebenzisa amandla kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhokhelwa kombuso.

Idizayini yemibuthano ye-CMOS ngokwemvelo yenza ngokwemvelo kube lula ukuxakaxaka, okuvumela ilungiselelo eliphakeme, eliphakeme kakhulu lemisebenzi ye-logic ku-chip eyodwa.Lesi sici siyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ama-microprocessors kanye nama-memory chip, ngcono ukusebenza kwekhono ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi we-silico.Le nzuzo yobuningi ivumela amandla okucubungula amaningi endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi, okwenza intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe miniaturization kanye nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo.

I-CMOS Technology's Officiles Engafinyeleleki ye-CMOS yehlisa ukuphazamiseka, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile kwezinhlelo ezenzelwe ama-CMOs ezindaweni ezithambekele kwi-elekthronikhi.Inhlanganisela yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukuncishiswa kobunzima, kanye nokuvimbela umsindo okuqinile kuqinisa ama-CMO njengobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kwezogesi.Ixhasa ububanzi bezicelo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kumasekhethi alula kuya kwizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zekhompyutha ze-computer.

Umdwebo 8: Umdwebo weComs Technology

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-CMOS Technology

Ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS buyisisekelo somklamo wesifunda sesifunda sanamuhla, usebenzisa womabili ama-NMO kanye nama-PMO Transtors ku-chip eyodwa.Le ndlela ye-Dransistor ye-Dual-Transistor ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ekushintsheni kahle futhi yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okuwusizo emhlabeni wanamuhla wamandla wamandla.

Amandla emijikelezo ye-CMOS ivela ezimfuneko zawo eziphansi zamandla kanye nokungavikeleki komsindo okuhle kakhulu.Lezi zici zilusizo ukudala umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe onokwethenjelwa futhi oyinkimbinkimbi.Ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS bumelana ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kukagesi, ukwenza ngcono ukuqina nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi okuphansi kwe-CMOS kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile kwenze kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezicelo eziningi.Kusuka ku-elekthronikhi ye-Consurcher kuya kumasistimu we-computing aphezulu, ukuguquguquka kwe-CMOS Technology kanye nokusebenza kahle kuyaqhubeka ukushayela izinto ezintsha embonini ye-elekthronikhi.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusakazekile kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwako ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bedijithali.

Ukugcina

Ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS bumi njenge-paragon yokuqamba emkhakheni wedizayini yesifunda yedijithali, ngokuqhubekayo ukuthuthuka kwama-elekthronikhi kusuka kumagajethi ayisisekelo ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanganisa.Ukusethwa kwe-MOKER-Transistor ye-NMOS nama-PMO ku-chip eyodwa okuvunyelwe ukushintshana okusebenzayo, ukuncipha kwamandla okuncane, kanye ne-CMOS ephezulu yokungavikeleki, okwenza ama-CMO omsindo awusizo ekwakhiweni kwemibuthano eminyene, ehlanganisiwe.Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphandle kokuzidela ukusebenza kufakazelwe inkathi yamadivayisi aphathekayo, anamandla ebhethri.Ukuqina kobuchwepheshe be-CMOS ekusingatheni izimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kanye nezemvelo kukhulise izinhlelo zayo kuzo zonke izizinda eziningi.Njengoba iqhubeka nokuvela, ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS bungasiza ekwakheni isimo sesikhathi esizayo somklamo we-elekthronikhi.Iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlale ngaphambili kobuchwepheshe obusha futhi iyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezimfuno ezandayo zokusebenza kahle kwamandla nokusebenza okuncane kumadivayisi kagesi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo [I-FAQ]

1. Ama-CMO asebenza kanjani ku-elekthronikhi yedijithali?

Ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo bensimbi-oxide-semichenductor (CMOS) busungulwa kuma-elekthronikhi edijithali, ngokuyinhloko ngoba lilawula kahle ukuhamba kukagesi kumadivayisi.Ekusebenzeni, umjikelezo we-CMOS ufaka izinhlobo ezimbili zokudluliswa: ama-NMOs nama-PMO.Lezi zihlelelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi eyodwa kuphela ye-transistors iqhuba ngesikhathi, esinciphisa kakhulu amandla adliwayo umjikelezo.

Lapho umjikelezo we-CMOS esebenza, i-transtoror eyodwa ivimba okwamanje ngenkathi enye iyakuvumela ukuba kudlule.Isibonelo, uma isiginali yedijithali ye-'1 '(ephezulu voltage) ifakwa kwi-center center, i-NMOS Transistor ivule (iqhuba), amabhlokhi akhona), okuholela ku-voltage ephansi noma' 0 'ekuphumeni.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okokufaka kwe-'0' kusebenze ama-PMOs futhi kusebenze ama-NMOs, okuholela ekuphumeni okuphezulu.Lokhu kushintsha kuqinisekisa amandla amancane, okwenza ama-CMO alungele amadivaysi anjengama-smartphones kanye namakhompyutha lapho kusebenza kahle kwebhethri.

2. Uyini umehluko phakathi kweMoset nama-CMOs?

I-Mosfet (i-Metal-oxide-semiconductor field transistor)) uhlobo lwe-transistor olusetshenziselwa ukushintsha amasiginali e-elektroniki.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-CMOs, abhekisele kubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihambisanayo zama-mosfets (NMOs nama-PMO) ukudala ama-Digital Logic Circuits.

Umehluko oyinhloko ulele ekusetshenzisweni kwabo nasekusebenzeni kahle.I-mosfet eyodwa ingasebenza njengokushintsha noma ukukhulisa amasiginali, edinga ukugeleza kwamandla okuqhubekayo futhi kukhiqize ukushisa okuningi.Ama-CMOs, ngokuhlanganisa zombili ama-NMO kanye nama-PMOs transistors, ahlukile phakathi kokusebenzisa eyodwa noma okunye, ukunciphisa amandla adingekayo nokushisa okukhiqizwayo.Lokhu kwenza ama-CMOs alungele amadivaysi anamuhla kagesi adinga ukusebenza kahle okukhulu nokuhlangana.

3. Kwenzekani uma usula ama-CMOs?

Ukusula ama-CMO ekhompyutheni kusetha kabusha ama-bios (amasethingi okufaka okufaka / okukhipha) kokuzenzakalelayo kwawo kwasefekthri.Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ukuxazulula izinkinga zehadiwe noma izinkinga ze-boot ezingavela ngenxa yezilungiselelo ezingalungile noma zonakalisiwe ze-bios.

Ukusula ama-CMOs, ngokuvamile ufushane izikhonkwane ezithile zezikhonkwane ebhodini lomama usebenzisa i-jumper, noma ususe ibhethri le-CMOS imizuzu embalwa.Lesi senzo sidonsela inkumbulo eguquguqukayo ku-BIOS, esula noma yikuphi ukucushwa okufana nokuhleleka kwe-boot, isikhathi sesikhathi, nezilungiselelo ze-Hardware.Ngemuva kokusula ama-CMO, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlele kabusha izilungiselelo ze-BIOOs ngokuya ngezidingo zakho zekhompyutha noma ukuhambisana kwehadiwe.

4. Yini ezothatha isikhundla se-CMOs?

Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS busavame, okuqhubekayo kocwaningo okuhlose ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezingaba namandla amakhulu, ijubane, kanye nokuhlanganiswa njengoba ubuchwepheshe buka phansi.

Ama-graphene transitors ahlolisiswa ngempahla yawo kagesi ehlukile, njengokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-elektroni kune-silicon, okungaholela kwijubane lokucubungula ngokushesha.

Isebenzisa izingcezu ze-quantum ezingaba khona emazweni amaningi ngasikhathi sinye, ukunikela ngejubane le-exponential kukhuphuka ngokuhlanganiswa okuthile.

Ama-spinronics: Isebenzisa i-spin of electron, kunokuba ishaja, ukufaka imininingwane, ukufaka idatha, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namandla okwandisa amakhono okucubungula idatha.

Ngenkathi lobu buchwepheshe buthembisa, ukuguqulwa kusuka kuma-CMO kuya ku-New Expread ku-Digital Electronics kuzodinga ukunqoba izinselelo zezobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza.Njengamanje, ama-CMOs ahlala enobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo futhi obusetshenziswa kabanzi ku-Digital Circuit Design ngenxa yokwethenjwa kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.