Ukuqonda ama-amplifariers asebenzayo: Okuyisisekelo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
2024-09-20 2320

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza, ajwayele ezaziwa njenge-OP-AMPPS, ziyizakhi emhlabeni we-elekthronikhi, edume ngokusebenza kwazo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezicelo eziningi.Enhliziyweni yokusebenza kwabo kulele ikhono lokukhulisa amasiginali abuthakathaka kumazinga asetshenzisiwe kusuka ezinhlelweni zomsindo kumadivayisi abumbanayo.Le ndatshana idlulela ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-OP-Amps, ihlola izimiso zayo zokusebenza, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, izici, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, kanye nenqubo yokukhetha amasu ezidingo ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela.

Namabhuku

Umdwebo 1: Ukusebenza kwe-Amplifier Schematic

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza: Ingxenye ye-Electronics

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza, noma ama-amps we-ops, angamabhulokhi wokwakha abalulekile emibuthanweni ye-elekthronikhi.Lawa madivayisi asetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze-analog nezedijithali, enza imisebenzi efana nokungeza, ukususa, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nokwehlukanisa amasiginali.Ngenxa yalokhu kusethwa, i-OP-AMP ingathatha isiginali yokufaka encane futhi ikhiqize isinali elikhudlwana lokukhipha, okwenza kube lusizo ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo lapho amasignali adinga ukukhiqizwa.

I-OP-AMPS itholakala ehlukahlukene yokusebenzisa, kusuka emisebenzini eyisisekelo yokucubungula ukucubungula njengokuhlunga kanye nesimo sokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okubandakanya amaza avela ku-DC kuye kumasiginali aphezulu.Ukuvimbela kwabo okuphezulu okuphezulu kusho ukuthi abadonsili bamanje emthonjeni wesiginali, osiza ukugcina isiginali yokuqala.Isibonelo, endaweni yokufaka inzwa, ukungcola okuphezulu kwe-OP-AMP kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kuphazamise isiginali yenzwa.Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla we-OP-AMP ALWN andisa amasiginali abuthakathaka avumela uhlelo ukuthi luphathe futhi luhlaziye ngisho nokufakwa okuthe xaxa.

Izici ze-Amplifiers Esebenzayo

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza, noma ama-amps we-ops, anezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwazo kumasekethe.Lokhu kuthola kungalawulwa ngokunembile kusetshenziswa impendulo yangaphandle, evumela onjiniyela ukuthi balungise ukukhuliswa kwezidingo ezithile.I-OP-AMP iphinde ibe nokukhishwa okuphansi okuphumayo, okwenza kube kahle kakhulu kumadivayisi axhunyiwe okushayela, njengama-actiotars noma amasistimu womsindo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla esiginali.

I-OP-AMPS futhi inikela nge-bandwidth ebanzi, okusho ukuthi ingakhulisa amasiginali ngaphezulu kobubanzi obubanzi bezakhiwo ngenkathi kulondolozwa ikhwalithi yesiginali.Lokhu kubenza balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamasiginali aguqukayo ngokushesha.Ngokwengeziwe, banesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sesabelo sesabelo (CMRR), esibavumela ukuthi bahlunge umsindo nokuphazamiseka okuthinta womabili okufakwa ngokulinganayo, kuqinisekisa isibonakaliso esicacile nesinembile sokukhipha.Umsindo wezemvelo ophansi kungenye inzuzo, emasimini afana nokufakwa kwezokwelapha noma imishini yokunemba ephezulu, lapho umsindo omncane kakhulu ongawuthinta ukusebenza kohlelo.

Umdwebo 2: LM741 PINOUT

Ukucushwa kwe-PIN ye-LM741 Amplifier yokusebenza

I-amplifier yokusebenza ye-LM741 yaziwa ngokucushwa kwayo okulula futhi okuthembekile, okwenza kube yisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuqonda ukuthi izikhonkwane ze-OP-AMP zisebenza kanjani.

I-PIN 1 ye-Offset Null adverd. Lokhu kusetshenziswa lapho ukuqondanisa kwe-voltage okuqondile kusiza ukunciphisa amandla okufaka okufakwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukukala okuqondile.

I-PIN 2 ukufakwa okuguqukayo. Noma yisiphi isibonakaliso esisetshenzisiwe lapha sibunjiwe maqondana nomhlaba, okusho ukuthi umphumela uzoba okuphambene nalokhu okufakwayo.

I-PIN 3 ukufakwa okungaguquki. Izimpawu ezisetshenzisiwe lapha zikhulisiwe ngaphandle kokuphambuka, zivumela ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwalokhu kanye nokufaka okuguqukayo.

Izikhonkwane 4 no-7 Xhuma i-OP-AMP i-OP-AMP ekunikezelweni kwamandla, ngePin 4 ukuthola amandla angemuhle kanye ne-PIN 7 ngogesi omuhle.

Isiginali ekhulisiwe ihanjiswa ngePin 6, ekhipha uhlobo olukhulisiwe lwesiginali yokufaka.I-PIN 5, yize enelebuli ye-offset null kwamanye amamodeli we-OP-AMP, ayinawo umsebenzi ku-LM741.I-PIN 8 yenzelwe isinxephezelo semvamisa.Idlala indima ekugcinweni kwe-amplifier izinzile, ikakhulukazi ezihlelweni ezivame kakhulu lapho ama-oscillation kungenzeka.

Izinhlobo zezikhangiso ezisebenzayo nokusetshenziswa kwazo

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza (i-OP-AMPPS) eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngalinye elakhelwe imisebenzi ethile kanye nezicelo.Nakhu ukubukeka kwezinhlobo eziphambili:

• Impendulo ye-voltage ops-amps -baziwa ngenzuzo yabo ephezulu nokufakwa kokufaka.Lezi zelififere zisetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kubalulekile ukukhulisa isinali ebuthakathaka ngaphandle kokudonsa okwamanje kusuka emthonjeni.Zivame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zomsindo kanye nemibuthano esebenza amasiginali enzwa.

• Impendulo yamanje i-OP-AMPPS -Nikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu nezikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo.Zenzelwe ukuphendula amasiginali afudumele aphezulu, kubenza balungele i-Radio Frequency (RF) nezinhlelo zokusebenza zevidiyo.Amandla abo okuphendula ngokushesha ezifundweni ngesiginali asiza ezimweni ezifuna ukushesha, okuqondile.

• Ukwehluka kwe-ops-amps -Khulisa umehluko we-voltage phakathi kokufakwa okubili ngenkathi wenqaba umsindo othinta okufakwayo kokubili ngokulinganayo.

• Ithuluzi OP-Ampps - Yakhelwe ukunemba nokuqina.Zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ngokunemba, njengezinsimbi zezokwelapha nezesayensi, lapho ngisho namaphutha amancane angaba nemiphumela emincane.Lezi-amps ze-ops zigcina isibonakaliso esikhulisiwe eduze kwasekuqaleni ngangokunokwenzeka, ngomsindo omncane.

• Ukuhleleka kwe-ops-amps - Nikeza ukuguquguquka ngokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balunge izilungiselelo ezinjenge-Gain ne-bandwidth ngohlelo lwangaphandle ngohlelo lwangaphandle.Lesi sici siwusizo kuma-prototypes noma amasistimu adinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo noma izidingo ezahlukahlukene.

• Amandla op-amps - Yakhelwe ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla.Lawa ma-amps we-op-amps angashayela imithwalo esindayo efana nama-motors nezikhulumi, futhi ajwayele ukusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zezimboni nabalaleli.

Izicelo zokusebenza ze-Amplifier

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza (i-OP-AMPPS) asezingeni elibanzi le-elekthronikhi ngoba lingashintsha futhi lithuthukise amasiginali ezinhlelo eziningi.

Isimo sesiginali: I-OP-AMPPS ilungiselela amasiginali avela ezinzwa ngaphambi kokuthi aguqulwe abe yidatha yedijithali.Babelula futhi bahlanze isiginali, baqinisekise ukunemba lapho isinali licutshungulwa ngedijithali.

I-AUDIO Amplification: Emishini yokulalelwayo, ama-op-amps akhuthaze amasignali omsindo wokushayela izipikha namahedfoni, uqinisekise ukuthi umsindo uhlala ucacile futhi osezingeni eliphakeme, ngisho nasemavoluni aphezulu.Lokhu kusemadivayisi womsindo wesikole kanye nezinhlelo zomsindo ochwepheshe.

Umthethonqubo we-Voltage: I-OP-AMPS Stational i-Stational i-Stational i-Standar Power Supplings ngokugcina i-voltage engaguquki, noma ngabe umthwalo uyahlukahluka.Lokhu kuvikela izinto ezibucayi kanye nokuqinisekisa amadivaysi asebenza kahle, okudingekayo kukho konke kusuka kumakhompiyutha kuya kwimishini yezimboni.

Ama-Oscillators kanye nezihlungi: I-OP-AMPS ingadala ama-waveform athile wesiginali njenge-oscillator, ewusizo ekuhambeni kwesikhathi nasekusekelweni kwesiginali kwimibuthano yedijithali.Njengokuhlupha okusebenzayo, basiza ukucwengisa amasiginali ngokuhlukanisa noma athuthukise amaza athile ngenkathi kunciphisa umsindo, okwenza babe ngezinhlelo zokuxhumana nezinhlelo zomsindo.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-analog-to-digital: I-OP-AMPS isiza ukulungiselela amasiginali we-analogi ekuguqukeni okunembe ngokwengeziwe kwidatha yedijithali.Babeka isiginali ngaphambi kokuthi icutshungulwe ngabaguquli be-analog-to-digital (ADCS), okudingeka kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lapho kudingeka khona idatha yedijithali, njengasezinhlelweni zokulinganisa noma izinzwa zedijithali.

Ukuqhathanisa: I-OP-AMPS ingasetshenziswa njengeziqhathanisa ukuqhathanisa amazinga ama-voltage emijikelezo, okuvumela amadivayisi ukuba asabele lapho imikhawulo ethile ihlangana khona lapho kuhlangatshezwana nemikhawulo ethile.

I-Amplifiers yensimbi: I-OP-AMPS idlala indima eyinhloko kwizinsimbi zokulwa kwezinsimbi, ezenza lula amasiginali amancane ezindaweni ezinomsindo.Lokhu kusezisekelweni zesayensi, ezokwelashwa, kanye nezimboni, lapho ukunemba kokufunda amasiginali amancane kungathinta ngqo ikhwalithi yedatha eqoqwe.

I-OP-AMPPS: Amandla nezinselelo

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza, noma i-OP-AMPPS, ayathandwa ngokuklama ngogesi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokusebenza okuqinile ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.Inzuzo eyodwa enkulu yokusebenza nge-OP-AMPPS yikhono lokusebenzisa amathuluzi wokulingisa, anjenge-PSPice, ukumodela nokuhlola amasekethe ngaphambi kokuba akha.

Izici zokusebenza ezifana nempendulo yemvamisa, ukuthi i-OP-AMP ixhumana kanjani nomthwalo, futhi ukuqina kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela.Uma kungaphathwa kahle, lezi zinto zingaholela ezingqinamba njenge-oscillation, ezingaphazamisa umsebenzi wesekethe.Ukuqonda nokuphatha lezi zinhlobonhlobo kudinga ubuchwepheshe obuqinile ekwakhiweni kwe-analog.Onjiniyela badinga lolu lwazi hhayi kuphela ukwakha imibuthano emisha kepha futhi nokuxazulula inkinga futhi kulungile.

Ukuqamba amasekethe ane-APPS ane-OP-Amps kubandakanya ukuhlela okuqondile nokuhlolwa ngokuphelele.Kuyo yonke inqubo design, amathuluzi wokulingisa asiza onjiniyela imodeli ukuthi i-op-amp izoziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukubona izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kwesigaba sokwakha ngokomzimba.Le ndlela igcina isikhathi nezinsizakusebenza, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwentuthuko.Ukuba nekhono lokuhlanganisa nokwandisa ama-amp-amp-ama-Amps kuma-elekthronikhi abhekwa kakhulu futhi kukhombisa indima edlalwa yizakhi zobuchwepheshe.

Umdwebo 3: Izinhlobo ze-OP-AMP

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-OP-amp efanelekile yesicelo sakho?

Ukukhetha i-amplifier efanelekile yokusebenza (i-OP-AMP) yephrojekthi yakho kubandakanya ukuhlola izici eziningi zobuchwepheshe.Idinga ukucubungula inzuzo, i-bandwidth, okokufaka kanye nokukhishwa, amazinga okushisa, kanye nobubanzi bokushisa i-OP-AMP izosebenza. Okunye ukucatshangelwa, okufana nohlobo lwe-Power Supply, kanye nokuthi i-OP-AMP ingukucushwa okukodwa, okubili, noma kwe-quad, kubalulekile ekuhambeni kwesekethe.I-OP-AMPS edumile efana ne-LM741, LM358, kanye ne-LM386 ziye ezikhethweni zezicelo ezijwayelekile, okunikeza ukusebenza okuqinile.Ngemisebenzi eqondile eqondile, amamodeli afana ne-TL081 noma i-AD620 athandwa ngenxa yomsindo wawo ophansi nokunemba okuphezulu, abenze balungele imisebenzi yokucubungula izimpawu ezibucayi, njengaleyo etholakala kwizinhlelo zomsindo zokubonisa nokunemba.

Ukugcina

Ama-amplifiers okusebenza ame njengamatshe e-Cornersones ekwakhiweni kwemibuthano kagesi yanamuhla, ukushayela intuthuko ngobuningi bezinkundla zezobuchwepheshe.Ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwezimpawu zabo, ukucushwa kanye nezinhlobo, kuba sobala ukuthi ama-amps a-op akayona nje izingxenye kodwa ama-catalysts wokuqamba ama-elekthronikhi.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, iqhaza le-OP-Amps liyaqhubeka nokuvela, liphendule ngezidingo ezikhuphukayo zokunemba nokusebenza kumadivayisi we-elekthronikhi.