Izinongo: amandla ayisisekelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinzuzo
2024-09-10 1495

Spice (Simulation Program ngokugcizelelwa kwesifunda), athuthukiswe e-University of California, eBerkeley, aguqula umklamo we-elekthronikhi ngokunika amandla ukumbumbuluzwa kwezimbuwu ze-analog kuze kube cishe yi-100 mhz.Leli thuluzi livumela onjiniyela ukuthi babikezele futhi babhekane nezinkinga ezingaba khona emiklamo yesifunda ngokusebenzisa ukumbumbuluzwa okubonakalayo, ukunciphisa isidingo sezimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-prototypes kanye nezindleko zokuthuthuka.Ngokwenza lula ukulungiswa kwedizayini okunamandla nokwejwayelekile okususelwa kwimiphumela eyenziwe, izinongo ziqinisekisa ukuqonda okuphelele kokuziphatha kwesekethe, ukulungiselela ukusebenza ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.Le ndima eyinhloko embonini ye-elekthronikhi yenza izinongo zebhuloho eliyinhloko phakathi kwemiklamo yethiyori kanye nezicelo ezisebenzayo.

Namabhuku

Umdwebo 1: Isinongo (Uhlelo Lokulingisa (Ukulingisa Okuhlanganisiwe Ukugcizelelwa Kwamaseketheli) Ukugcizelela

Yini izinongo?

I-Spice iyithuluzi lesoftware elivulekile eliguqule umklamo we-elekthronikhi.Kuthuthukiswe eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, izinongo zigxile ekulingiseni amasekethe we-analog, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuba balingise futhi bahlaziye indlela ama-cirli aziphatha ngayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi amaseliphu ane-DC kuya kwaphakathi nendawo yemvamisa ye-DC, ukuphatha konke kusuka kumiklamo elula kuya kubukhazikhazi abaningi, kuze kube yi-100 MHz.

Ukuvela kwezinongo

Izinongo, zaqala ukuthuthuka e-University of California, eBerkeley ngo-1973, ziye zavela kusukela ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala, iba yinto ekahle + i-OL ngokulingisa nge-elektronikhi.Ekuqaleni okubhalwe eFortran, ulimi oluhleliwe olwaziwa ngamandla alo e-Computific Computing, izinongo zenzelwe ukusebenza namakhompiyutha wesikhathi esiyinhloko sesikhathi, esiphethe imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula idatha.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-computing buthuthukile, izinongo zibuye ziguqulwe.Enye yezingqophamlando ezinkulu kwakunguSpice2G.6, ibhalwe kabusha ngolimi lwezinhlelo lwe-C ukusizakala ngejubane lokucubungula ngokushesha kanye nokuxhaswa okungcono kwekhompyutha ehambisanayo.

Lokhu kuguqulwa okumakwe ngaphezu kokushintshana ngezilimi ezinamakhodi kuphela - kukhombisa ukukhula okusheshayo kumandla wekhompyutha nokushintsha izidingo zobuchwepheshe.Kuyo yonke le minyaka, inguqulo ngayinye entsha yesinongo iye yandisa amakhono ayo, ithuthukisa ukucaciswa kwayo kokuhlaziya kanye nesibonisi somsebenzisi.Lokhu kuthuthuka kwenze izinongo ziguquguquke ngokwengeziwe, zivumela ukuba ziphathe ububanzi obubanzi be-Circuit futhi kwenziwe ithuluzi lokuya kunjiniyela kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene.

Usebenzisa izinongo kokuzijwayeza kuyinqubo exhumanayo neyokusebenza.Onjiniyela bahlalisana ngokuqhubekayo imiklamo yabo yesifunda ngokuya ngempendulo evela emiphumeleni yokulingisa.Le ndlela yezandla ibavumela ukuthi balungise izakhi ngazinye namapharamitha ngesikhathi sangempela, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba bathuthele ekuhlolweni ngokomzimba.Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo okunjalo akusizi kuphela ukwandisa ama-design kodwa futhi kujulisa ukuqonda kokuthi kungani imibuthano iziphatha ngezindlela ezithile.Lokhu kuqonda kubaluleke kakhulu ngokucindezela imingcele ye-elekthronikhi ye-elekthronikhi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.

Isicelo se-Spice

I-Spice inengxenye enkulu ekwakhiweni kwe-elekthronikhi ngokusekela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlaziywa komjikelezo, kufaka phakathi i-VCEAR AC, i-DC engekho emthethweni, nokuhlaziywa kwesikhashana.Lezi zindlela zisiza onjiniyela bahlole ukuthi imijikelezo yenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile zokusebenza.Ngokusebenzisa imithetho kaKirchHoff kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-nodal okuguquliwe, izinongo zihlanganisa amamodeli wethiyori ngemininingwane yokuhlola, evumela ukumbumbuluzwa okunembile.Onjiniyela bangasikisela ukwahlukana okuhlukahlukene, kusuka ezintweni eziyisisekelo ezifana nokumelana, ama-capacitors, kanye ne-inductures, kumadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi anjengezinto zokugcina, ama-transistors, kanye nezinto ezithuthukile njengemithombo yokuhambisa kanye nemithombo yamandla.

Empeleni, izinongo ziguqula inqubo yokwakheka ngokwenza lula ukuhlola kanye nemijikelezo yokucocwa.Onjiniyela bafaka amacebo abo wesifunda abe yizinongo futhi balingisa ukuthi imibuthano iziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene, ukulungisa izingxenye nokucushwa ngokususelwa kwimiphumela.Leli khono lokuhlola ngokushesha kanye nama-tweak design ngesilungiselelo esibonakalayo sehlisa isidingo se-prototypes ebonakalayo, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukunemba.Ukutholakala kwesinongo kumakhompiyutha akho, ikakhulukazi ngamathuluzi afana ne-PSPice®, kwenze lezi zinto ezinamandla zitholakale kalula, zishumeke futhi zibe yi-spice ekuhambeni komklamo wanamuhla we-elekthronikhi.

Umdwebo 2: Kusetshenziswe Kabanzi Kabanzi Komkhakha Wokufunda Ngogesi

Imodeli yedivayisi

I-Spice ibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni amamodeli anemininingwane aphindaphindeka ngokuziphatha kwangempela komhlaba wezinto ze-elekthronikhi.Lezi zinhlobo zakhiwe zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuqonda kwe-theoretical kanye nedatha enamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukumbumbuluzwa kukhombisa ukusebenza kwangempela.I-Spice isekela uhla lwezindlela zokuhlaziya, kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwesikhashana, ukuhlaziya kwe-DC, ukuhlaziya okuncane kwe-AC, kanye nokuhlaziywa komsindo.Indlela ngayinye ihlinzeka ngemininingwane eyingqayizivele kuma-circuits asebenza ngayo, asiza onjiniyela bakhomba izingqinamba ezingaba khona futhi basebenzise amacebo abo ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili ekukhiqizweni.

Inqubo yokusebenzisa izinongo isebenzisana kakhulu futhi i-iterative.Onjiniyela bahlola ukwakheka kwabo kwesifunda ngokuqhubeka nokulinganisa nokusebenzisa impendulo ukuze bahlaziye amamodeli abo futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza.Le ndlela yezandla yezandla ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bahlole ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ithinta kanjani ukwakheka okuphelele, Ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kokusebenza nokwethembeka.Amandla wokulinganisa anemininingwane e-Spice akuwona kuphela usizo ekuklameni amabhodi wesifunda kanye nama-PCB kepha futhi avumela ukuqinisekiswa kohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi.Le ndlela ebanzi inyusa ukuthembeka kanye nokusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ukunwebisa izinongo ngale kwe-elekthronikhi

I-Spice ayiseyona ithuluzi lokulingisa imibuthano kagesi;Amandla alo anwebekile kumodeli amasimo angewona ama-electrical anjengezinqubo ezishisayo nezinqubo ze-electromechanical.Lokhu kwenziwa kwenzeke ngokudweba ama-analogies phakathi kwezinto zikagesi nezengezona zikagesi.Isibonelo, amasistimu we-Thermal angahle ahlolwe ngezinongo ngokuqhathanisa amandla okushisa ukuze usebenze ngogesi.Ngale mihlandla, i-spice isiza onjiniyela balingisa ukuziphatha okushisayo kumadivayisi, banikeze ukuqonda okubalulekile ekuphathweni kokushisa kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokupholisa.Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ubhekene nezinto ezigcwele ama-elekthronikhi agcwele, lapho ukuqeda ukushisa okusebenzayo kusebenza kahle ekugcineni ukusebenza.

Isinongo singaphinde silingise izinhlelo ze-elektromechanical ngokuguqula izingxenye zemishini, njengalezo ezikushayeli bezimoto, zibe ngamamodeli kagesi afanayo.Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bahlaziye bobabili ukusebenza ngogesi nokusebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka olulodwa, oluhlanganayo.Ngokulungisa amapharamitha kanye nokumbumbuluzwa, onjiniyela bangahlanza ama-motor drives nezinhlelo ezifanayo, ukuthola ukuqonda okuphelele kokuthi izici zombili zikagesi nezemishini zihlangana kanjani.

Umdwebo 3: I-Spice Simulator Circuit

Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezishisayo neze-elekthromechanical, ukuguquguquka kwezinongo kufinyelela kumasimu afana ne-electromagnetic modeling kanye nama-microfluidics.Ngokumodeli kwe-electromagnetic, izinongo zilingisa ukuthi amasimu kagesi nobulugme ahlangana kanjani nezakhi, ukusiza onjiniyela abaklama amadivaysi asebenzayo futhi aqinile.E-microfluidics, izinongo zisebenzisa ama-analogies kagesi ukubikezela amandla ashukumisayo eziteshini ezincane, njengalezo ezitholakala kumadivayisi we-lab-on-a-chip.Ngokumodela uketshezi lokuziphatha ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene, onjiniyela bangakwenza kahle lezi zinhlelo ukuze zisebenze kangcono.

Lezi zicelo ezahlukahlukene ziqokomisa ukuguquguquka kwezinongo njengethuluzi lokulingisa elidlula ama-elekthronikhi endabuko.Noma ngabe kulindela ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, izinhlelo zemishini, ukusebenzisana kwama-elekthronikhi, noma i-fluid dynamics, i-spice ihlinzeka ngonjiniyela ngeplatifomu enobunye ukuphatha izidingo eziningi zokulingisa, ukuthuthukisa inani layo ezinkundleni eziningi zobunjiniyela.

Izinzuzo Nokulinganiselwa Kwezinongo

I-Spice ibhekwa kakhulu kwimibuthano yezemfundo kanye nezobuchwepheshe ngamakhono ayo okukulingisa anamandla kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko, okwenza kube yithuluzi elijwayelekile lemboni lokwakheka kwesifunda.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusakazekile ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela zikagesi ne-elekthronikhi kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekuqeqesheni onjiniyela besikhathi esizayo.Ngokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kokulingisa, abafundi kanye nabaqeqeshi bathola ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi imijikelezo isebenza kanjani, ithuthukisa amakhono awo okuxazulula izinkinga nolwazi lobuchwepheshe.

Ngenkathi izinongo zinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokujula kokuhlaziywa kwesifunda, ubunzima bokusetshenziswa bungahluka ngokuya ngemingcele yokujikeleza nokucushwa.Imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi noma engajwayelekile ingadinga ulwazi oluthuthukile futhi ingathatha isikhathi ukulingiswa.Onjiniyela badinga ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda okuqinile kwezici zeSpice, kusuka ekusesheni izimo zokuqala ukutolika idatha enemininingwane ekhishwayo, engabandakanya ijika lokufunda elinemininingwane.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, izinzuzo zikaSpice ziyacatshangelwa.Inikeza isiteji esinamandla sonjiniyela sokuhlola nokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwezinkinga ze-elekthronikhi ngaphandle kwesidingo sezibonelo ezisheshayo ze-prototypes.Lokhu kunamandla akupheqinga nje kuphela inqubo yokuthuthuka kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko ngokunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha ekwenzeni kanye nokugwema ama-Iteration amaningi.Amandla okuxazulula inkinga nokwandisa ama-design endaweni ebonakalayo ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kubaluleke kakhulu, okwenza izinongo ziyithuluzi elihle lonjiniyela nabacwaningi emhlabeni wonke.Indima yayo ekuqondiseni umklamo we-elekthronikhi ushayela yomibili emisha kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Ukugcina

I-Spice iphakathi kwikharikhulamu yezemfundo kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wobungcweti, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono okulingisa okuqinile okuthuthukisa ukwakheka nokwethenjwa kwemibuthano kagesi.Naphezu kobunzima bawo kanye nokufunda okuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwalo, izinzuzo zezinongo - kufaka phakathi amandla okuxazulula inkinga futhi usebenze kahle ama-design endaweni ebonakalayo - kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuthuthuka nezindleko.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kweSpice kufinyelela ezinhlelweni ezingezona zikagesi, okwenza kube zibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela.Njengepulatifomu ephelele yokulingisa, ama-spice ashayela emisha kanye nokusebenza kahle, onjiniyela abahlinzeka amandla ukuhlola ama-frontier amasha kwezobuchwepheshe.