Ukuguqulwa imvamisa kuchaziwe
2024-09-03 3466

Ukunyusa imvamisa (FM) ubuchwepheshe obuye baguqula isimo sendawo yokuxhumana komsakazo, sinikeza ukucaciswa okunengqondo okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuqina kokuphazanyiswa.Kusukela ekutholweni kwayo kokuqala kokusakaza endimeni yayo enkulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zanamuhla, i-FM isibe yitshe legumbi lokuthi sidlulisela kanjani futhi samukele imininingwane kanjani.Le ndatshana idlulela ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuguquguquka imvamisa, ukuhlola izimiso zayo ezibalulekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eqhubeka nokucwilisa le ndlela yokuxhumana.Noma ngabe ekusakazweni komsindo okuphezulu okuphezulu noma ekukhulumisaneni okuphuthumayo okuthembekile, ukubaluleka kwe-FM kuhlala kungafani nokuletha amasiginali angaguquki kuzo zonke izizinda ezahlukahlukene.

Namabhuku

Umdwebo 1: Ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa kanye ne-FM Radio

Kuyini ukuguqulwa imvamisa (FM)?

Ukunyusa imvamisa (i-FM) kuyindlela ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni komsakazo, lapho imvamisa yegagasi lenethiwekhi ilungiswa ngokuya nge-amplitude yesiginali engenayo, engaba ngumsindo noma idatha.Le nqubo idala ubudlelwane obuqondile phakathi kokuphakama kwesiginali yokuguqula kanye nokushintsha imvamisa ku-carrierve wave.Lezi zinguquko, ezibizwa ngokuthi ukuphambuka, zilinganiswa ngeKilohertz (KHZ).Isibonelo, ukuphambuka kwe- ± 3 KHZ kusho imvamisa yenkampani ehambisa ama-3 Khz ngenhla nangaphansi kwephuzu eliphakathi nendawo, ukufaka imininingwane ngaphakathi kwalawa mashifu.Ukuphawula ukuphambuka yisisombululo sokusebenzisa ngempumelelo i-FM, ikakhulukazi ekusakazweni okuphezulu kakhulu (VHF) ukusakaza okuphezulu kakhulu (i-VHF), lapho ubudlelwane busukela ku-88.5 kuye ku-108 MHz.Lapha, ukuphambuka okukhulu, njenge- ± 75 KHZ, kusetshenziselwa ukudala i-wide-band FM (WBFM).Le ndlela ingeyokudlulisa umsindo ophakeme ophakeme, edinga umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu, ngokuvamile cishe ngo-200 KHZ ngesiteshi ngasinye.Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi basemadolobheni, ukuphatha le bandwidth kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuphazanyiswa phakathi kweziteshi.

Ngokuphambene, i-Marlow-band FM (NBFM) isetshenziswa lapho i-bandwidth ilinganiselwe, njengasezokuxhumana komsakazo weselula.I-NBFM isebenza ngokuphambuka okuncane, cishe ± 3 Khz, futhi ingasebenza ngaphakathi kwama-bandwidth aphansi, kwesinye isikhathi incane njenge-10 KHZ.Le ndlela ilungile lapho kuqala ukuxhumana okuzinzile futhi okuthembekile kunokuba kuthembeke okuhle kakhulu komsindo.Isibonelo, eMthethweni okuphoqelekile noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, i-NBFM iqinisekisa ukuqina, ngisho nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinezithiyo eziningi zomzimba ezifana nezakhiwo nemihubhe.I-bandwidth emnene futhi ivumela iziteshi eziningi ukuze ihlangane ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum elinganiselwe, edinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezabelo zesiteshi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum ukugcina ukucaciswa kokuxhumana.

Inqubo yemvamisa yemvamisa

Umdwebo 2: I-Frequency DemoDemation

I-Frequency Demodalation iyaqaliswa ekuxhumaneni komsakazo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isibonakaliso sokuqala sitholwa ngokunembile kusuka kumagagasi e-Carriers ajwayele.Le nqubo iguqula imvamisa v ariat ion yesiginali engenayo ibe yi-amplitude v ariat ion, izibuko zesiginali yasekuqaleni, noma ngabe idatha, ukuze kuthunyelwe kabusha okuqhubekayo.Amadivayisi asetshenziselwe lo msebenzi, njenge-FM demodulators, ama-demonductors, noma ababandlululi, aklanyelwe ukuguqula imvamisa aguqukela ekushintsheni kabusha emuva ekushintsheni kokukhuphuka ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukuthembeka kwesiginali.Ukukhethwa kwedemodulator kuncike esidlweni sokunemba, ukusebenza kahle komkhawulokudonsa, kanye nemvelo ethile yokusebenza.Ngobuchwepheshe, ukuvela kwamademoni kuqala lapho isinali litholwa yi-antenna futhi lihlukaniswe nomsindo ozungezile noma amasiginali aseduze asebenzisa i-tuner.Lesi sinyathelo siyadingeka ngoba noma yimuphi umsindo osele angadalula ukunemba kwe-demomali.Isiginali esodwa bese sidlula kwi-demodulator, lapho imvamisa v ariat ions ihunyushelwa ku-voltage v ariat ion ehambelana kahle ne-amplitude yasekuqaleni yesiginali.

Ekuxhumaneni kwedatha, lapho ngisho namaphutha amancane kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwedatha noma inkohliso, izibalo ziphakeme.Isiginali edijile ngokuvamile yondla esibonakalayo sedijithali, lapho icutshungulwa khona ngama-miccocontroller noma amakhompyutha.Izindawo ezidinga ubuqotho bedatha ephezulu, njengokuthengwa kwezezimali noma ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi yomoya, bathembela kuma-demodulators abakwaziyo ukusingatha izinguquko ezisheshayo ngokuhlanekezela okuncane.Amaphrothokholi athuthukile ahlola amaphutha nezinhlelo zokuqapha zesikhathi sangempela zivame ukuqashwa ukuthola nokulungisa izingqinamba ezingaba khona ngokushesha, ukwenza ubuchwepheshe be-demomaliuction demomali buqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngesikhathi.

Ama-FM Modulators

Kwenziwa amasiginali ajwayelekile (FM) amasiginali afaka amasu ahlukahlukene, ngalinye lihambisana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza.Ukukhethwa kwenqubo yokumodula kuthinta ukusebenza kanye nokwethenjwa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana.

I-Varactor Diode Oscillator:

Umdwebo 3: I-Varactor Diode Oscillator yokukhiqiza amasiginali e-FM

Indlela ejwayelekile yokwenza amasiginali we-FM ukusebenzisa i-varactor diode ngaphakathi komjikelezo we-oscillator.I-capacitance ye-varactor diode ishintsha nge-voltage esetshenzisiwe, iguqula ngokuqondile imvamisa ka-Oscillator.Le ndlela iyasebenza ekwakheni amasiginali we-Narlow-band FM (NBFM).Ilungele amadivayisi wokuxhumana aphathekayo lapho isikhala namandla alinganiselwe.Kodwa-ke, lokhu kulula kunama-trade-off, kufaka phakathi ukuqina okulinganiselwe nokunemba.Ngakho-ke, lokhu akufaneleki izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifuna ukwethembeka okuphezulu noma i-wide-band FM (WBFM).

Isiginali-Locked Loops:

Umdwebo 4: Uhlelo Olukhiyiwe Sokukhiya Isigaba

Ngezicelo ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuthe xaxa okuthe xaxa, izihibe ezikhiyiwe zesigaba (ama-PLL) zivame ukuthandwa.I-PLLS ihlinzeka ngokulawulwa okuthe xaxa, okwenza balungele izindawo lapho kudingeka khona ukuthembeka kwesiginali.I-PLL ikhiya imvamisa ye-oscillator kusizinda sokufaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ilungele ukusakazwa okuphezulu kakhulu lapho ukuphambuka kwamanani amancane lapho kuvame ukuphambuka imvamisa.Ama-modulators asuselwa kwi-PLL asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile kumazinga okuvama, njengeziteshi zokusakaza eziqeqeshiwe noma izinhlelo zokulawula ukuhamba kwezimoto.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa ama-PLL abeka izinselelo.Amapharamitha we-Pll Loop kumele aphathwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.Isibonelo, i-bandwidth ye-loop kumele ibanzi ngokwanele ukulandelela isinali yokufaka v ariat ion ngokunembile kepha inciphise ngokwanele ukuhlunga umsindo kanye namafrikhwensi angafuneki.Ukuthola lokhu kubhala kuvame ukudinga ukuhlelwa okukhona nokuhlola, nabasebenza usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukukala nokulungisa amapharamitha we-loop ngesikhathi sangempela.

Izinzuzo nobubi

FM izinzuzo

Ukunyusa imvamisa (FM) kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ekugcineni ukucaciswa kwesiginali kanye nokwethenjwa.Inzuzo eyodwa enkulu ukuqina kwe-FM ku-umsindo kanye namandla wesiginali v ariat ion.Ngokungafani nokuguqulwa kwe-amplitutude (AM), lapho umsindo uthinta ikhwalithi yesiginali ngokuguqula ama-amplitude, i-FM ifaka imininingwane ngokushintsha okuthe xaxa.Le ndlela yenza ukuthi i-FM ibekwe ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokuhlobene, inqobo nje uma amandla wesiginali asale ngaphezulu komkhawulo othile.Lokhu kuphakelayo kuyinzuzo ikakhulukazi ekuxhumaneni kweselula, lapho amandla wesiginali angahlukahluka njengoba owemukelayo edlula ezindaweni ezahlukene, njengezindawo zasemadolobheni noma amahlathi.Amandla ka-FM okugcina ukuxhumana okucacile naphezu kokushintsha izimo kulungile kulezi zilungiselelo.Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ngezimoto, i-FM iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungaphazamiseki phakathi kwabashayeli nezikhungo zokuhambisa, noma ngabe kuhamba ezindaweni ezinamandla ahlukahlukene.Ukuvikelwa kokungavikeleki kwe-FM futhi kwenza kube fanele ukusakazwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuhlunga umsindo wezemvelo okuvame ukuthinta ama-amplitude.

Enye inzuzo ye-FM ukuhambisana kwako nge-amplifiers yomsakazo (RF).I-FM ivumela ukuguquguquka esiteji samandla esiphansi, kunika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwama-amplifiers angenzi kahle angenalutho akhulisa isinali ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela okukhulu.Lokhu kusebenza kahle kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni eziphathwayo.Isibonelo, emisakazweni esetshenziswe ngesandla esetshenziswa ngabasebenzi basensimini, kusetshenziswa ama-amplifiers angenala amanzi alambile anganweba isikhathi sokusebenza, ekahle ngesikhathi sokusebenza okude ngezindawo ezikude.

FM Okubi

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, ukuguquguquka okuvamisile (FM) kunokuthola umkhawulo.I-Drawback Enye Eyisisekelo Ukusebenza kwayo okuphansi okuphansi okuqhathaniswa namanye amasu wokushintshanisa, njengokushintshashintsha kwesigaba (PM) kanye ne-Quadreature Amplitude Modlitution (Qam).I-FM Ngokuvamile idinga umkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe ukufezekisa amanani afanayo wedatha, okwenza kungalungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla zedatha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-bandwidth ezilinganiselwe.

Okunye ukukhathazeka kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ezihambisana nama-demodulators we-FM, okumele ziguqule ngokunemba imvamisa v ariat aua0 ariat aua0 aua0 ama-amplitude.Le nqubo idinga izingxenye zokujikeleza okunembile nezinto ezinembile, okwenza izinhlelo ze-FM zibize kakhulu ukuze zisebenzise futhi zigcine izinhlelo ze-AM.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasiginali we-FM akhiqize ama-sidebands anwebeka ngokungenabuna, ahlala nge-bandwidth enkulu, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-wide-band (WBFM).Ukuphatha le bandwidth kudinga ukuhlunga okuqondile ukuvikela ukonakaliswa kwesiginali.Izihlungi ezenzelwe kabi zingaholela ezindabeni zekhwalithi yesiginali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amasiginali amaningi e-FM adluliswa khona eduze.

Umlando we-FM nentuthuko

Ukwethulwa kokunyusa imvamisa (i-FM) kumake ushintsho oluvelele ebuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bomsakazo, okuhloswe ngalo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-static kanye nokwenza ngcono ukucaciswa kwesiginali.Ezinsukwini zokuqala zomsakazo, i-static yayiyinkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi ukuguquguquka kwe-amplitude (AM).Amasu am-AM abethambekele emsindweni, njengoba afaka imininingwane efaka imininingwane nge-V ariat Ion kwi-amplitude.Izici zezemvelo ezifana nezivunguvungu zikagesi nemigqa yamandla angahlanekezela kalula lezi zimpawu.

Ngo-1928, unjiniyela waseMelika u-Edwin Armstrong waqala ukuhlola i-FM njengendlela yokunciphisa i-static ngaphandle kokudela i-bandwidth.Ngokungafani nami, FM ukufaka imininingwane ngokushintsha imvamisa, okwenza kube sengozini enkulu ye-static nomsindo.Indlela ka-Armstrong yayiguqula, inselele inkolelo yokuthi ukunciphisa i-bandwidth kwakuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesiginali.Uveze ukuthi ngokwandisa i-bandwidth, i-FM ingaletha ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsindo ngomsindo omncane, ngisho nasezindaweni eziyinselele.Naphezu kokungabaza ochwepheshe bezimboni, u-Armstrong wayezimisele ukufakazela ukusebenza kwe-FM.Ngo-1939, waqala owakhe isiteshi somsakazo we-FM ukukhombisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe.Lesi siteshi sasisebenza ngebhendi evamale phakathi kuka-42 no-50 MHz, sibonisa ikhwalithi yomsindo ophakeme we-FM kanye nokumelana ne-static.

Impumelelo yesiteshi sika-Armstrong yaholela ekwamukelweni okubanzi kwe-FM, kanye neKhomishini Yezokuxhumana yeFederal (FCC) yagcina yandise i-FM band iye ku-88-108 MHz, yenza ukwamukelwa okuphezulu kakhulu.Lokhu kuguqulwa bekungekhona ngaphandle kwezinselelo, njengoba abathola abakhona be-FM abakhona besebenza, edinga abakhiqizi ukuthi baphinde basebenzise kabusha futhi abathengi ukuthuthukisa imishini yabo.Ekugcineni, izinzuzo ze-FM ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukumelana nokuphazamiseka, futhi ukuthembeka kudlule ubunzima bokuqala, ukukulungisa njengezinga lokusakaza okuphezulu kanye nokuxhumana kweselula.

I-Modanyutor Indeation & Ukuphambuka Isilinganiso

Ekumotweni kwama-Frequency monation (FM), inkomba yokushintshanisa kanye nesilinganiso sokuphambuka yimingcele ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuqondile ukusebenza kohlelo, kusuka ku-Signal Cliality kuya ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-spectrum.

Inkomba yokushintshashintsha ilinganisa imvamisa v ariat ion ehlobene nemvamisa yesiginali yokuguqula, enqume ukuthi ngabe isinali lincane-band FM (NBFM) noma i-Wide-band FM (WBFM).Ekusakazeni okusemthethweni, lapho i-WBFM ijwayelekile, onjiniyela kufanele babala ngokucophelela inkomba yokumodula ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi isiginali ihlala ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth yayo ekhethiwe.Le nqubo ifaka ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokulungiswa, imvamisa ukusebenzisa ama-real-time spectrum ama-spectrum ukuze alondoloze ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuthembeka komsindo kanye nemikhawulo ye-bandwidth yokulawula.

Isilinganiso sokuphambuka, okuyisilinganiso sokuphambuka okuvamisile kakhulu ekuguqukeni kwesiginali okuphezulu kakhulu, kudlala indima enkulu kakhulu.Kuzinhlelo ze-WBFM, isilinganiso esiphakeme sokuphambuka siyadingeka ukuze ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsindo kepha ifuna umkhawulokudonsa obanzi wokuthola umkhawulokudonsa nokuhlunga okuthuthukile ukuvimbela ukuhlanekezela.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-NBFM, isilinganiso esiphansi sokuphambukisa sivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwesiteshi esithambile, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-spectrum-uke ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana njengezinsizakalo zokuxhumana njengezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo njengezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ezifana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.Ukusetha nokugcina inkomba yokumongisa efanelekile kanye nesilinganiso sokuphambuka kuwumsebenzi obucayi.Ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezifana nokulawulwa kwethrafikhi yomoya, ochwepheshe kumele baqinisekise ukuthi la mapharamitha ahlelwe kahle ukugwema ukuphazanyiswa futhi aqinisekise ukuxhumana okucacile.

I-Frequency Modulant Bandwidth

Umdwebo 5: FM Bandwidth

I-FM Bandwidth iyinto ebalulekile ethinta ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana.Kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ukuphambuka imvamisa kanye nokuguquguquka kwesiginali yokuguqula, ukudala amabanda aseceleni nhlangothi zombili zesithwali.Ngenkathi lezi zindlela eziseceleni zinwebeka ngokungenamqondo, ukuqina kwazo kuncipha kakhulu kumthwali, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi banciphise i-bandwidth ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi.Ekusakazweni komsindo okuphezulu okuphezulu, i-bandwidth ebanzi ye-FM isekela ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsindo, ithumba umehluko womculo nenkulumo.Onjiniyela be-Broadcast kumele balinganise ikhwalithi yomsindo ngekwabelwa kwe-spectrum, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiteshi ngasinye sisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth yayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa amaza asolwandle.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Marlow-band FM (NBFM) isetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwezindlela ezimbili zomsakazo ukuze kulondolozwe i-bandwidth.Lapha, inhloso ukuxhumanisa okucacile kuwo wonke amashaneli amaningi ku-spectrum elinganiselwe.I-bandwidth encishisiwe ye-NBFM ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwesiteshi esikhanyayo kwezicelo zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.Ukuphathwa kwe-bandwidth okusebenzayo kulungile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ezineziteshi eziningi zomsakazo.Onjiniyela kufanele balawule ngokucophelela i-bandwidth ukuvikela ukugqagqana kwesiginali futhi kugcinwe ukuthunyelwa okucacile, imvamisa kusetshenziswa ukuhlunga okuthuthukile nokuphathwa kwama-spectrum athuthukile.

Ukusetshenziswa kokushintshashintsha imvamisa

Ukunyusa imvamisa (FM) kusetshenziswa kabanzi kuwo wonke amasimu ahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuvikeleka kwayo komsindo nokucaciswa kwesiginali.Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu:

• Ukusakaza Umsakazo: I-FM iyindinganiso yokusakaza umculo nokukhuluma, inikezela ngomsindo omkhulu wokuthembeka ngokuphazanyiswa okuncane.Onjiniyela be-Broadcast kumele bakwazi ukuhambisana ngokuqhubekayo ama-FM Transmitters ukulinganisa ikhwalithi yomsindo kanye nokusebenza kwe-bandwidth, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokusetshenziswa okusindayo.

• Amasistimu we-Radar: I-FM ithuthukisa ukucaciswa kwesiginali eRadar, ilungele ukutholwa okunembile nokulandela ngomkhondo.Ama-opharetha kumele aphendule amapharamende asheshayo we-radar ukuze alungiselele ukulungiswa kwe-radar kanye nobubanzi, ekahle kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengezilungiselelo zethrafikhi yomoya kanye nokubhekwa kwamasosha.

• Ukucabanga kokuzamazama komhlaba: I-FM isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukwakheka komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba, ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane enemininingwane yezimboni ezinjengamafutha negesi.Ukucaciswa kwezimpawu ezilungisiwe ze-FM kuyadingeka ezinhlakeni ezingenamikhanyi yemephu ngokunembile, kunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha okumba abizayo.

• I-Electroencephalography (EEG): Ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha, i-FM iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okunembile kwezimpawu zomsebenzi wobuchopho ezivivinyweni ze-EEG.Ochwepheshe kumele baphathe ngokucophelela amapharamitha we-FM ukugwema ukuhlanekezela, ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuqondile kwemibandela njengokulimala kwe-epilepsy nokulimala kobuchopho.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-FM no-AM

Isici	Ukunyusa imvamisa (FM)	Ukuguqulwa kwe-Amplitude (AM)
Isimo somsindo	Ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsindo enokwethenjwa okuncane Ukususwa komsindo.	Ikhwalithi ephansi ephansi yomsindo ngenxa Ukusungula umsindo nokuphazamiseka.
Izindleko zesistimu	Kubize kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima be Inqubo yokushintshanisa ne-demomali.	Imvamisa kuyabiza kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa Ngenxa yokujikeleza okulula kokushintshana kanye nama-demomali.
Uhla kabusha	Ingavinjwa izithiyo zomzimba, ukunciphisa uhla olusebenzayo.	Ingadluliselwa ngaphezulu kwamabanga amade, okwenza kube yinto elungele ukuxhumana okude.
Ukusebenza kwamandla	Esebenza ngamandla amandla amaningi, ilungele ukuphathwa namadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri.	Isebenza kahle ngamandla, idinga okuningi Amandla okudlulisela okusebenzayo kwesiginali, ikakhulukazi amabanga amade.
Ibanga lokusakaza	Uhla lokusakaza olusebenzayo olungaphezulu lwe Ukugcina umsindo ophakeme ophakeme, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ze-Line-of-Site.	Ibanga elifushane lokusakaza lekhwalithi ephezulu okulalelwayo;Imvamisa idinga okuphindaphindayo noma ukudluliselwa kokuthola okunwetshiwe.
Isu lokushintshashintsha	I-Frequen frequency of the Carrier Isiginali, ukuhlinzeka ngokungenakufinyeleleka komsindo okungcono.	Imodi yokupholisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi Isiginali, ukuyenza ithambekele emsindo ohlobene ne-amplitude futhi Ukuphazanyiswa.
Ukuxaka Ideshini	Kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, edinga ubuhlakani ubuchwepheshe bokuzala kabusha okunembile.	Iqonde ngqo, ngokulula ukujikeleza okwenele ukuthola amademoni wesiginali.

Ukugcina

Esikhathini esivela njalo sobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ukuguquguquka okuvamisile kumi njengendlela yokuqina, ukuqinisekisa ukucacise kanye nokwethenjwa kuwo wonke amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene.Ukusuka ekuqondeni okudingekayo ekulinganiseni kwe-FM ekukhetheni amasu athintekayo ekukhetheni amasu wokushintshanisa, indima ye-FM iyadingeka ekuletheni okuphezulu komsindo, ukuhambisa okuphephile kwedatha, nokusebenzisa kahle i-Radio Spectrum.Njengoba siqhubeka nokuthembela ku-FM ngakho konke ukusakazwa komsakazo kuya ezinsizakalweni eziphuthumayo, ukuqonda ubunzima bayo akukhuli nje kuphela ukwazisa kwethu lobu buchwepheshe kodwa futhi kusihlomisa ukwenza kabusha ukusetshenziswa kwayo emhlabeni oxhumeke kakhulu.