Igayidi ephelele ku-74LS93: Izicelo kanye nokuqonda kobuchwepheshe bezinto zokubala zedijithali
2024-11-29 886

I-74LS93 IC, i-4-bit kanambambili ephikisayo, ibaluleke kakhulu kumakhono awo wokubala ama-multifaceted, abulawa ngama-jk flip-flops awo.Abasebenzisi bayazuza emandleni ayo okuguqula phakathi kokusebenza okuphakathi kweMode-2 kanye ne-Mod-8 yokubala, enikeza inketho yokusebenza ngokuzimela ekwahlukaniseni ngo-2 noma ukuhlukaniswa ngezindlela eziyi-8.Lokhu kuguquguquka kwalokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhangwa kwayo ku-elekthronikhi yedijithali, ikakhulukazi lapho kubalwa imisebenzi ehlukile yokubala.Izinzuzo ezisebenzayo ze-IC ziziveze ngezimo lapho kubhekwa khona ukunemba nokusebenza okuqinile ngesikhathi sokubala isikhathi nokubala kufiswa - okujwayelekile emisebenzini yokuhlukaniswa kwedijithali.Onjiniyela badonswa ku-74LS93 hhayi kuphela ngekhono lokubala eliqondile kodwa futhi nomklamo walo ocacile, ohlanganisa izinhlaka zesifunda ezinemibala.

Namabhuku

Ukucushwa kwe-74LS93 PIN

Izici ezihlukile ze-74LS93 Binary Counter

Ukubheka okuphelele kokucaciswa kwe-74LS93

Le khasi I-74LS93 Ingabe i-4-bit kanambambili ephikisayo ye-compact futhi esebenza kahle, ngokujwayelekile isebenza kumandla kagesi acishe abe ngu-5v, ngokubekezelela okuvumela uhla phakathi kwe-4.5v ne-5.5V.Leli banga linikeza ukuguquguquka okududuzayo ukudonsa i-voltage v ariat ion.Ngokunamathela kulezi zinhlaka ezisebenzayo, umuntu angaqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi zisebenza kahle futhi zinokuphila okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kagesi kanye nama-dynamics wamanje

I-IC ihlinzeka ngamandla kagesi aphezulu aphezulu we-3.5v kanye ne-voltage ephansi ye-0.25V.Lawa magugu akhombisa amazinga anengqondo afinyeleleka nge-counter, ebalulekile ekuxhumeni ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zedijithali.Esimweni sayo esiphakeme, idivaysi isebenza ku -0.4m, kanti, esimweni esiphansi, idonsela i-8MA.Lezi zinto ziphakamisa isidingo sokuphathwa kwamandla ngamabomu, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri, ekopela design emcabangweni ocatshangelwe ukuthuthukisa ukonga amandla.

Iwashi le-Pins Dynamics kanye nokuphatha amakhono okuphatha imvamisa

Ifakwe izikhonkwane zewashi ze-CP0 ne-CP1, i-74LS93 Counter ingacubungula amaza afinyelela ku-32MHZ kanye ne-16mhz, ngokulandelana, ngokuhlaziywa kobubanzi be-15ns kanye nama-30ns.Leli khono lokuphatha izikhundla eziphezulu zemvamisa i-74LS93 ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amakhono okubala okusheshayo.Ochwepheshe emkhakheni we-High-Frequency Bractit Design bavame ukweluleka ukuhlolwa okuqinile ukuze aqinisekise ukuqina, kanye nokunciphisa izingqinamba zokuthembeka ezingaba khona.

Ukupakisha ukuhlukahluka kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza

I-IC inikezwa ku-PDIP, i-GDIP, kanye nokucushwa kwephakheji ye-PDSO, ngalinye linezicelo ezenzelwe izidingo ezithile.I-PDIP ivame ukukhethwa ama-prototypes kanye nezicelo zokufundisa ngokuphathwa kwayo okuqondile nokuthengisa.Okwamanje, i-GDIP ne-PDSO inikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu emhlanganweni ozenzakalelayo futhi inzuzo ekwakheni amadivaysi amancane.

Ezinye izinketho ze-74LS93

74hc19, 74ls192, 4516

Okuhlobene ne-Counter ICS

I-74LS90, I-CD4017, 74ls02, I-CD4020, I-CD4060, CD4022

Izicelo ze-74LS93 Chip

I-Chip engu-74LS93 ihlala ithola yona ngenhliziyo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-Digital Electronics.Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuhlukile, okufakwayo jk flip-flops, kuvumela ukuthi kwakhiwe izinto zokubala ze-mod-16 ngokuhlanganisa amasu mod-2 kanye ne-mod-8 yokubala.Lokhu kuguqulwa kusiza ukuhlukaniswa okuvame ukukhiqizwa ngo-2, 8, noma okungu-16, okwenza kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amasekethe amabanga kanye nezambatho zemvamisa.

Ukuhlukaniswa imvamisa ezinhlelweni zedijithali

Ukusetshenziswa okuvelele kwa-74LS93 ku-Frequency Division ngezinhlelo zedijithali.Ngama-Flip-flops angenayo wangaphakathi, iguqula kahle amasiginali wokufaka ama-frequency avamizela abe yimvamisa yemvamisa ephansi.Le shintsho inenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zedijithali lapho kugcinwa khona isikhathi esiqondile kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwesiginali okuthembekile.Ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Real-World, abahlukanisi bemvamisa efana ne-74LS93 babonisa okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni amasignali wewashi ezinzile futhi athembekile, ukusekela imisebenzi evumelanisiwe kuma-microprocessors kanye nemibukiso yedijithali.

Ukusebenza kwe-counter kumadivayisi kagesi

Ezimweni lapho kuba khona ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu, ama-74LS93 edlula emisebenzini ephikisayo ethembekile.Ukusebenza njengendlela ethembekile yokulandela imicimbi, ukwanda okubalwa ngeshayela ngakunye okutholwe.Lokhu kwenza kube fanele ukusetshenziswa kumawashi edijithali, ama-celtorers wemicimbi, namadivayisi wokubala okuzenzakalelayo, lapho ukucaciswa okuzenzakalelayo okuthuthukile nokunemba kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kahle emisebenzini yokubala yangempela.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemisilinga Yesikhathi

Emibukweni yesikhathi, ama-74LS93 adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni isikhathi esinembile semiklamo ye-elekthronikhi eyindida.Onjiniyela bavame ukushumeka phakathi kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zesikhathi sokusebenza kwesisulu nokusebenza kwesiginali, ikakhulukazi lapho ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu khona.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumadivayisi we-metering kanye nensimbi yedijithali kukhombisa amandla ayo okuqinisekisa isikhathi esingaguquki, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise ukusebenza kohlelo.

Ukucatshangelwa kokusebenza kwe-Design

Ukwandisa izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-74LS93, abaklami kufanele babe bakhumbule ukucatshangelwa okuningana.Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphatha isikhathi sokushintsha kwezimpawu zokufaka kanye nokuqinisekisa isikhathi sokusetha sama-Flip-Flops akulungele.Ukuhlolwa okunamandla kusiza ukucwilisa lezi zinhlaka, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukile.Indlela yokuqamba amasu, ethuthukiswe ngokuqonda ukusebenzisana kwengxenye yezempi kanye namathonya ezemvelo, kuvimbela ukungafani okusebenzayo.

Ungayisebenzisa kuphi i-74LS93?

Ukusebenza kwe-74LS93 kuncike ekutholeni amandla ashutsheni ama-5V, okunikela ekusebenzeni kwayo okuthembekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamandla okungaguquki.I-IC ifakwe ama-paster reset amabili (MR) PIN, ebalulekile ekunqumeni imodi;Ukubeka lezi zikhonkwane kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwe-counter.Ekwaneliseni ukuklama kohlelo lwezinhlelo, ama-pulses ewashi aqondiswe ku-CP0 ne-CP1, athuthuke kwikhawunta nethimba ngalinye elitholakele, elibonisa indlela yokubala kanambambili.I-CP1 inamathonya ngqo q0, kuyilapho i-CP0 iphatha ukuphuma kwe-Q1, Q2, ne-Q3.Kulezi zimo ezijwayelekile, i-CP1 ixhumeke ngqo ekukhishweni kwe-Q0, yakha i-loop yempendulo esekela ukubala okulandelanayo.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-74LS93 IC

Usebenzisa i-74LS93 IC kulula kakhulu uma uqonda ukuxhumana nokuxhumana okuyisisekelo.Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuthi ungasetha kanjani futhi usebenzise le ec kwisifunda sakho.

Inika amandla i-IC

Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngamandla ku-74LS93.Xhuma i-PIN ye-VCC kuya ku + 5V kanye ne-PIN yenhlabathi eya emhlabathini wakho wamandla.Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-IC isebenza kahle.

I-Master Reset (MR) PINS

I-74LS93 inezinhlangothi ezimbili zokusetha kabusha (MR), ezisetshenziselwa ukusetha imodi yokusebenza.Ukunika amandla imodi yokubala ejwayelekile, womabili ama-MR PINs kumele axhunywe emhlabathini (ephansi).Uma ufuna ukusetha kabusha i-IC, ungafaka kafushane isiginali ephezulu kulezi zikhonkwane, ezihlela kabusha i-counter to zero.

Izikhonkwane zewashi (CP0 ne-CP1)

I-IC inezikhonkwane ezimbili zewashi: i-CP0 ne-CP1.Lezi zinhlankwane zilawula ukuthi ukubalwa kwenzeka kanjani.Udinga ukuhlinzeka nge-Clock Pulse kulezi zikhonkwane zokulandelana kokubala ukuze kwenzeke.Njalo lapho kutholwa i-pulse, ukukhuphuka kwe-counter ngo-1.

I-CP1 ilawula ukuphuma kwe-Q0.

I-CP0 ilawula i-Q1, Q2, kanye ne-Q3 yokukhipha okuphumayo.

Ukuze usebenzise wonke ama-bits amane (Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3) ekulandekelweni kokubala, xhuma i-Clock Pulse (CP1) kwi-Q0 okukhiphayo kancane.Lokhu kudala i-Reportback Loop futhi kuvumela i-counter ukuthi isebenze kuzo zonke izingcezu ezine.

I-Clock Pulse Isikhathi

Ukuze usebenze kahle, imvamisa yewashi nobubanzi be-pulse kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile:

I-CP0: Imvamisa ephezulu ye-32 MHz, enobubanzi obuncane be-pulse ka-15 ns.

I-CP1: Imvamisa ephezulu ye-16 MHz, enobubanzi obuncane be-pulse ka-30 ns.

Imvamisa, i-IC yesikhathi esingu-555 noma enye enye indawo yokujikeleza kwe-pulse isetshenziselwa ukushayela iphini lewashi nge-pulses edingekayo.Qiniseka ukuthi ububanzi be-pulse bungaphakathi kwebanga elicacisiwe, ngoba lokhu kuthinta ukunemba kwenqubo yokubala.

Ukubheka ukulandelana kokubala

Njengoba unikeza ama-pulses we-Clock, izingcezwana zokuphuma zizokwengeza ngokusekelwe etafuleni elingezansi.Ukulandelana kuqala ngo-zero nokukhuphuka nge-Clock Pulse ngayinye.I-IC isebenza ku-kanambambili, ngakho-ke ukuphuma kuzolandela iphethini elibikezelayo.

Isibonelo, ngemuva kokushaya okukodwa, i-Q0 izohamba iphakeme, futhi ngama-pulses angeziwe, ezinye izingcingo zemiphumela zizoshintsha ngokulandelana.

Ukumbumbuluzwa okungokoqobo kwe-IC

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi i-IC isebenza kanjani, cabanga ukuyilingisa esifundeni.Kulokhu kulingisa, ngibeka imodi-0 (imodi yokubala) ngokubeka zombili izikhonkwane ze-MR.Ngemuva kwalokho, ngiguqula ngesandla izikhonkwane zewashi ngokuzishintsha ziphezulu futhi ziphansi, ezikhiqiza ukushaya kwewashi isikhathi ngasinye lapho ngishintsha umbuso.

Ngokushaya ngakunye, ukubalwa kwe-IC kanye nokuphuma kokuphuma kushintsha ngokufanele.Ungabona ngeso lengqondo le nqubo kuthuluzi lokulingisa ukubona ukuthi imiphumela iqhubeka kanjani e-kanambambili, ukushaya okukodwa ngesikhathi.

Izicelo ze-74LS93

I-74LS93 iyi-IC eguquguqukayo engasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lapho imisebenzi yokubala noma yokubala iyadingeka.Ngezansi kusetshenziswa ukhiye, ngemininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi lec ifanela kanjani ukuklanywa okusebenzayo.

Ukudala isikhathi eside sesikhathi

Okunye kokusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwe-74LS93 ukukhiqiza izikhathi ezinde.Ngokusebenzisa i-IC ekucushweni kokubala, ungakha kalula ukubambezeleka amasekethe abala amanani amakhulu.Lokhu kungasiza ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni lapho isikhathi eside sokulinda sidingeka phakathi kwemicimbi.Isibonelo, kuphrojekthi lapho isenzo esithile sidinga ukwenzeka ngemuva kwenombolo ethile yama-pulses amawashi, ama-74LS93 angasethwa ukubala ama-pulses futhi avukele ukuphuma ngemuva kokufinyelela ukubala okufunayo.Isikhathi sincike kumvamisa yewashi olinikeza i-IC kanye nokucushwa kwezingcezu zokuphuma.

I-Astable Frequency Divider noma umjikelezo we-counter

I-74LS93 ivame ukusetshenziswa isihlukanisi esivalekelelayo noma i-counter emibuthanweni ehlukahlukene.Uma uxhumeke ekucushweni kwe-multable multable, kungahlukanisa imvamisa yesiginali yokufaka ngesici esibekiwe.Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho udinga ukunciphisa imvamisa yesiginali yokuqhubekisela phambili ukucubungula, njengokushayela iwashi elihamba kancane noma ukunciphisa inani lesampula ezinhlelweni zedijithali.I-IC ingahlukanisa nganoma yisiphi isici esihambelana nobude bokulandelana kokubala okusethayo ngewashi nokusetha kabusha ukucushwa.

Ngamagama asebenzayo, ungaxhuma okokufaka kwewashi (i-CP0 noma i-CP1) kwisiginali yomthombo bese usebenzisa izingcezu zokuphuma (Q0-Q3) ukubheka imvamisa ehlukanisiwe.Isibonelo, ukuxhuma i-Q3 njengoba okuphuma kungakunikeza imvamisa efinyelela ingxenyenamba yesiginali yangempela, esekelwe kumjikelezo wokubala owubekile.

.38 Izicelo ezihlobene nesikhathi

Ngenxa yekhono layo lokwenza ukubala okuqondile, i-74LS93 ilungele izinhlelo ezihlobene nesikhathi.Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga izehlakalo zesikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile, njengokukhiqiza ama-pulses wewashi kwamanye ama-ICS, ukudala ukubambezeleka, noma ukusetha uchungechunge lwezenzo ezenziwe ngesikhathi.Isibonelo, kuphrojekthi edinga ukulawula isikhathi sohlelo lwemoto noma lwe-LED khanyisa, i-IC ingakhulisa ukubalwa kwamanani ekhasini ngalinye, futhi uma nje selifinyelela ekubaleni okuthile, kungadala indawo yokusebenza.

Lapho usebenza nalesi sicelo se-IC ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi, khumbula ububanzi bewashi le-pulse kanye nemvamisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isikhathi sinembile.Isikhathi esijana isikhathi eside, okubaluleke kakhulu kuso ukuze silondoloze amasignali ezinzile zewashi ukugwema amaphutha ngokulandelana kwesikhathi.

Lapho kufanele kugwenywe ama-micrococtollers

Kwamanye amaphrojekthi, ikakhulukazi lezo lapho izinto ezilula nezibalo ezincane ezifunwa khona, ama-micrococtoller angahle abe ngaphezulu.Kulezi zimo, usebenzisa i-74LS93 njenge-counter yokuma yedwa noma isibali sikhathi kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo.Le ic kulula ukuyisebenzisa, idinga ukuxhumana okumbalwa, futhi yenze ngokuthembekile kubalwa noma imisebenzi yesikhathi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusetha kwe-microcontroller okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Isibonelo, kuhlelo lokusebenza lapho udinga i-Pulse Counter noma i-Frequency Divider kodwa awudingi ubunzima bokuhlela uhlelo lwe-microcontroller, i-74LS93 ihlinzeka ngesisombululo esilula, esekwe nge-hardware.Iphinde isindise amandla ngokuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-microcontroller, okungabaluleka kumaphrojekthi anikwe ibhethri.

I-Pulse Counter noma i-Frequency Divider

I-74LS93 iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokubala ama-Pulse noma imisebenzi ye-Frequency Division.Ekusetshenzisweni kokubala kwe-pulse, kuveza ukubalwa okunawo wonke ama-pulse atholakele ekufakweni kwewashi.Njalo lapho kutholwa i-Clock Pulse, imiphumela ye-IC iguqula isimo, ibonakalisa inani lokubala.Lokhu kuyasiza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengesilinganiso sesiginali noma lapho udinga ukubala inani lama-pulses ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokufanayo, i-IC ingahlukanisa imvamisa engenayo yesiginali ngesici esethiwe, ngokususelwa ekutheni ilungiselelwe kanjani.Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu lapho udinga ukunciphisa imvamisa yesiginali esisheshayo sokucutshungulwa ngesilinganiso esihamba kancane, noma lapho uhlela ukwahlukanisa imvamisa kwezicelo ezinjengezinhlelo zokuxhumana noma amasetheli wokucubungula.

Imodeli ye-2D

Datasheet pdf

74LS93 Datasheets