Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kokuqondile kwamanje nokushintsha kwamanje
2024-07-04 7514

I-Direct yamanje nokushintshana kwamanje iyizakhi ezimbili eziyisisekelo zezinhlelo zamandla zanamuhla, ngayinye inezimpawu ezihlukile nezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.Onjiniyela bakagesi nochwepheshe badinga ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamandla kagesi kanye nezicelo zabo.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izincazelo, izici, izimpawu, izindlela zokulinganisa, izibalo zamandla, kanye nezicelo ezisebenzayo ze-Direct zamanje nokushintsha kwamanje emikhakheni ehlukene.Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokwethula ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zamandla athathwe kanjani zisetshenziswa kanjani kwinqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla kanye nomthethonqubo ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe.Ngokuhlaziya ngokugcwele lokhu okuqukethwe, abafundi bazokwazi ukuqonda kangcono izimiso zokusebenza zezinhlelo zamandla futhi bathuthukise amandla abo okusebenza ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo.

Namabhuku

Umdwebo 1: Ukushintshana kwamanje vs. Qondisa Kwamanje

Yini i-dc voltage?

I-Direct yamanje (i-DC) isho ukunyakaza kwe-UNdidirectional of Electric.Ngokungafani nokushintshana kwamanje (ac), lapho ama-elekthronikhi aguqula indlela ngezikhathi ezithile, i-DC igcina ukuqondiswa okuhleliwe kokugeleza kwe-elektroni.Isibonelo esivamile se-DC iseli le-electrochemical, lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kukhiqiza khona amandla aqinile avumela ukuthi kube manje ukugeleza ngokuqhubekayo ngomjikelezo.I-DC ingadlula ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwenziwa, njengezintambo, ama-semiconductors, ama-insulators, kanye nokuvalelisa.Isibonelo, ugongolo lwama-elektroni noma ama-ions ku-vacuum amelela i-DC.

Umdwebo 2: Umgomo Wokusebenza Kavolo we-DC

Esikhathini esedlule, i-DC yabizwa ngokuthi i-galvanic yamanje, yaqanjwa ngokuthi usosayensi wase-Italiya uLuigi Galvani.Izifinyezo ze-AC ne-DC zimele ukushintshana kwamanje futhi kuqondile njengamanje, ngokulandelana.Ukuguqula i-AC ku-DC, kudingeka inqubo.Umugqa uqukethe i-Electronic Contonnent, njenge-didode, noma isakhi se-elektrolokhethi, njengokushintsha, okuvumela okwamanje ukugeleza endaweni eyodwa kuphela.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-inverter ingasetshenziswa ukuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC.

I-DC isetshenziswa kabanzi kubuchwepheshe besimanje.Akuwona amandla kuphela amadivaysi ayisisekelo anikwe amandla ebhethri kepha futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zama-elekthronikhi kanye nama-motors.Ezinhlelweni ezinjengokukhala kwe-aluminium, inani elikhulu lamanje lingasetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlelo zesitimela zasemadolobheni zisebenzisa okuqondile kwamanje ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokusebenzayo.I-High Voltage Direct yamanje (HVDC) ilungele ukudlulisa amanani amakhulu amabanga amabanga amade noma ukuxhuma amagridi ahlukene e-AC.Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokulahleka okuphansi kwezinhlelo ze-HVDC zenza zilungele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla amakhulu.

Izinhlelo eziphakeme ze-AC / DC eziphakeme ze-voltage zenzelwe ukuphatha ama-voltage aphezulu ashintshana njengamanje futhi aqonde okwamanje.Lezi zinhlelo zikhiqiza futhi zilethe amanje ezinzile, eziphakeme zamanje zezinqubo zezimboni, ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukuhlolwa kwe-elekthronikhi nezinhlelo zamandla.Lawa madivayisi okunikeza amandla aklanyelwe ngokucophelela ukuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa okuqondile nokwethenjwa ukuze ahlangabezane nezinhlobonhlobo zezidingo eziqeqeshiwe nezimboni.

Yini i-ac voltage?

Ukushintsha kwamanje (ac) kubhekiselwa ohlotsheni lohlobo lukagesi lwamandla alo kanye nokuqondisa okuguqukayo ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngesikhathi somjikelezo owodwa ophelele, inani eliphakathi le-AC liyi-zero, ngenkathi iqonde ngqo (DC) igcina ukugeleza okuqhubekayo.Isici esiyinhloko se-AC yi-waveform yayo, okuvame ukuba yigagasi le-sine, eliqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla okusebenzayo nangokuzinzile.

Umdwebo 3: Umgomo Wokusebenza Kavoti

ISinusoidal AC ijwayelekile ezinhlelweni zamandla emhlabeni jikelele.Yomibili imithombo yamandla yokuhlala kanye nezezimboni ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-Sinusoidal AC ngoba inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokudlulisela futhi kulula ukukhiqiza nokulawula.Ngaphezu kwamagagasi asine, i-AC nayo ingathatha uhlobo lwamagagasi anxantathu namagagasi akwele.Lezi zigameko ezihlukile zilusizo kuzinhlelo ezithile, njengokucubungula kwesiginali kumadivayisi we-elekthronikhi kanye nemisebenzi ethile yokuguqulwa kwamandla, lapho isikwele noma amagagasi anxantathu angasebenza kangcono kunamagagasi asine.

Imvelo ye-AC yenza ilungele ukudluliswa okude.Abaguquli bangakhuphuka kalula noma phansi i-ac voltage, benciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa.Ngokuphambene, i-DC idinga ukuguqulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokulawulwa kwezinhlelo zokudluliselwa okude, ngakho-ke ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwezimboni kanye nezicelo zebanga elifushane.

I-AC Frequency iyahlukahluka esifundeni.Isibonelo, eNyakatho Melika namanye amazwe asebenzisa ama-60 Hertz (Hz), kuyilapho iningi lezifundazwe lisebenzisa i-50 Hz.Lokhu kuhluka imvamisa kuthinta ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza kwemishini kagesi, ngakho-ke kucatshangelwa ngokucophelela lapho bekhiqiza futhi besebenzisa imishini ezifundeni ezihlukile.Sekukonke, amandla e-AC asetshenziswa kabanzi emakhaya, amabhizinisi, kanye nezimboni ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwayo, ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa okuphezulu, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene.

Zithini izimpawu ze-DC ne-AC Votage?

Ku-Electrical Engineering, i-DC ne-AC Voltage imelelwa yizimpawu ezihlukile.Umlingiswa we-Unicode u + 2393, uvame ukuboniswa ngokuthi "⎓", uvame ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-DC, efanekisela ukuqondiswa njalo kwe-DC yamanje.Ku-multimeter, i-voltage voltage imvamisa imelelwa yi-capital "v" ngomugqa oqondile ngaphezulu kwayo (-V), okukhombisa uhla lokulinganisa lwe-DC Voltage.

Emibhadweni yesiSekethe, uphawu lomthombo we-voltage voltage, onjengebhethri, liqukethe imigqa emibili efanayo: umugqa oqinile nomugqa ophekiwe.Umugqa oqinile umele isigxobo esihle (+) kanti umugqa ophekiwe umele isigxobo esingesihle (-).Lo mklamo ukhombisa ngokusobala ubumbano lwe-DC voltage Source kanye nesiqondisi sokugeleza kwamanje.Ngokuqondile, umugqa omude ukhombisa isigxobo esihle, esihlotshaniswa namandla aphezulu noma amavolumu, ngenkathi umugqa omfushane ukhombisa isigxobo esingesihle, ehambisana nekhono eliphansi.Lolu phawu lusetshenziswa endaweni yonke ekwakhiweni komjikelezo we-elekthronikhi, yize kungahle kube khona kancane v ariat ions asuselwa kumazinga ahlukile.

Umdwebo 4: Symbol Voltage Symbol

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AC Votage imelwe yi-capital "v" ngentambo ye-wavy ngaphezulu kwayo.Lomugqa we-wavy ukhombisa izinguquko zesikhathi se-AC zamanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngokungafani ne-DC, ukuqondiswa kanye namandla kagesi we-AC kwamanje ahlala eshintsha, futhi umugqa we-wavy udlulisela kahle lesi sici.Emishini kagesi kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlola, lolu phawu lwe-ac voltage lusiza onjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe bakhombe ngokushesha futhi balinganise i-ac voltage.

Umdwebo 5: AC Voltage Symbol

Ukukhonjwa okulungile nokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu ze-DC kanye ne-AC Voltage kuqinisekisa ukwakheka okunembile kwesifunda nokusebenza okuphephile kwemishini kagesi.Noma ngabe ngemidwebo yesisu noma ngesikhathi sokuqalisa imishini nokulondolozwa, izimpawu ezijwayelekile zinciphisa ukungaqondi kanye namaphutha, ngcono ukusebenzelana nokuphepha.

Ungalinganisa kanjani i-DC ne-AC Votage nge-multimeter

Ukulinganisa i-DC Voltage

Lapho ulinganisa i-DC Voltage nge-multimeter, izinyathelo zilula.Ake sithathe ibhethri njengesibonelo.

• Ukulungiselela:Susa ibhethri kusuka kudivayisi futhi, uma ulinganisa ibhethri lemoto, uguqule amalambu emizuzu emibili bese uvala ibhethri.

• Xhuma izinketho:Xhuma iphenya elimnyama kwisokhethi le-cocket kanye ne-red probe kusokhethi elibhalwe nge-DC voltage (njenge-ω noma vω noma v-).

• Finyelela ama-terminals ebhethri:Beka uphenyo olunsundu ku-negative (-) ukuphela kwe-herminal ne-red probe ku-terminal enhle (+).

• Funda inani:Bheka futhi urekhode ugesi oboniswe kwi-multimeter.Leli nani libonisa izinga lokushaja lebhethri.

• Nqamula:Susa i-Red Probe kuqala, bese kuba ngumbuso omnyama.

Umdwebo 6: Ukulinganisa i-VC VOLTAGE

Ukulinganisa i-VOLTAGE

Ukulinganisa i-voltage kudinga indlela ehlukile.Nakhu ukuthi:

• Setha i-multimeter yakho:Guqula ukudayela kusikhundla se-ac voltage (kuvame ukumakwa

• Xhuma okuholela:Xhuma ukuhola okumnyama ku-Com Jack kanye nokuhola okubomvu ku-Vω Jack.

• Thinta umjikelezo:Thinta ukuhola okumnyama engxenyeni ethile yesifunda kanye nokuhola okubomvu kwenye.Qaphela ukuthi i-ac voltage ayinanhloso.

• Izindlela zokuphepha:Gcina iminwe yakho kude nezeluleko zocingo futhi uvikele ukuvumela amathiphu ukuthi athintena ukuvikela ukushaqeka kukagesi.

• Funda inani:Bheka isilinganiso esibonisweni, futhi uma usuqedile, susa umhola obomvu kuqala, khona-ke ukuhola okumnyama.

Umdwebo 7: Ukulinganisa i-VOLTAGE

Amathiphu we-Pro

Okwe-DC voltage, uma ukufundwa kungenamihle, shintshana kungenzeka uthole ukufundwa okuhle.Inani lizohlala linjalo.Qaphela lapho usebenzisa i-analog multimeter;Ukubuyisela emuva izinketho kungalimaza insiza.Ukulandela lezi zinqubo kuqinisekisa izilinganiso eziqondile ze-voltage nokusebenza okuphephile kwemishini kagesi.

Uwala kanjani amandla we-DC namandla e-AC?

Umdwebo 8: Ungawabala Kanjani Amandla we-DC namandla we-AC

Ukubala amandla we-DC

Ukubala amandla emjikelezweni we-DC, ungasebenzisa umthetho ka-Ohm.Nakhu ukuthi:

Nquma i-voltage

Sebenzisa ifomula v = i * R. R.

Isibonelo: Uma amanje (i) ngu-0.5 a (noma ama-500 ma) kanye nokumelana (R) ngu-100 ω, ke:

V = 0.5 A * 100 ω = 50 v

Bala Amandla

Sebenzisa ifomula P = v * I.

Isibonelo: Lapho v = 50 v kanye = 0.5 a:

P = 50 v * 0.5 a = 25 w

Guqula amayunithi we-voltage

Ukuguqula ku-Kilovolts (KV): Hlukanisa ngo-1 000.

Isibonelo: 17,250 VDC / 1,000 = 17.25 KVDC

Ukuguqula ama-millivolts (MV): Phindaphinda ngama-1,000.

Isibonelo: 0.03215 VDC * 1,000 = 32.15 VDC

Ukubala amandla e-AC

Izibalo zamandla e-AC ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yemvelo yezikhathi zamandla kagesi nawamanje.Nasi umhlahlandlela onemininingwane:

Ukuqonda amanani asheshayo

Ku-AC PUCCIUT, VOLTAGE NE-WERPS VERSARY ngezikhathi ezithile.Amandla asheshayo (p) ngumkhiqizo we-voltage esheshayo (v) kanye namanje (i) asheshayo (i).

Ukubalwa kwamandla okuphakathi

Amandla ajwayelekile ngaphezulu komjikelezo owodwa asetshenziswa.Lokhu kubalwa kusetshenziswa amanani we-RMS (Root at kusho amandla) ama-voltage namanje.

Amandla anzima (ama)

Kuvezwe njenge-s = v * i *.V Futhi ngiyizindima ze-RMS zamandla kagesi futhi zamanje, ngokulandelana.Mina * ngiyi-conjugate eyinkimbinkimbi yamanje.

Izingxenye zamandla ku-AC Circuits

Amandla asebenzayo (P): Amandla empeleni ayasebenza.

P = | s |cos φ = | | | ^ 2 * R = | v | 2 2 / z | 2 * r

Amandla asebenzayo (Q): Amandla agcinwe futhi akhishwe ngezinto ezisebenzayo.

Q = | s |Isono φ = | Mina | ^ 2 * X = | v | z | z | 2 * x

Amandla (ama) asobala: Inhlanganisela yamandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo.

| S |= √√ (p ^ 2 + Q ^ 2)

Isibonelo se-AC

Bala i-voltage ye-RMS neyamanje

Thatha i-VRMS = 120 v ne-IRMS = 5 a ku-AC CUCciet.

Thola amandla asobala

S = VRMS * IRMS = 120 V * 5 a = 600 VA

Bala amandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo

Uma i-angle yesigaba (φ) ngu-30 °:

Amandla asebenzayo: p = s cos Φ = 600 VA * COS (30 °) = 600 VA * 0.866 = 519.6 W

Amandla asebenzayo: q = S sono Φ = 600 VA * Isono (30 °) = 600 VA * 0.5 = 300 Var

Ngokwehla isinyathelo ngasinye futhi ulandela le miyalo enemininingwane, ungabalalela kahle i-DC ne-AC Power, uqinisekise ukuthi izilinganiso zikagesi zenziwa kahle nangokuphephile.

Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani i-VC Voltage?

Kuzinhlelo zamandla kagesi eziqondile (DC), abaguquli be-DC-VC-DC-DC ephakeme njengama-Boost aguqulayo bavame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amavolumu.Isiguquli Sokukhulisa uhlobo lwe-DC-DC Power Converter olugcina futhi likhipha amandla ngokuvala kaninginingi futhi ukuvula ukushintshela ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okufaka ezingeni eliphakeme.Lolu hlobo lweConverter lusetshenziswa kabanzi lapho ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuzinzile nokusebenza kufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kuyadingeka.

Umdwebo 9: Khulisa Converter

Ukusebenza kwesiguquli sokukhulisa kubandakanya izinyathelo ezimbili eziphambili:

Shintsha ukuvala: Lapho i-switch ivaliwe, i-voltage yokufaka isetshenziswa kwi-inductor.Lokhu kudala amandla kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwe-inductor aqoqe amandla.

Shintsha ukuvula: Lapho i-switch ivulekile, amandla agcinwe ku-inductor akhishwe kokukhipha, okuholela ekuphumeni kwamandla aphezulu kunamandla kagesi wokufaka.

Isiguquli sokukhulisa ngokuvamile sifaka ukushintshwa okungenani kwama-semiconductor amabili (njenge-diodes kanye nama-transistors) kanye nento yokugcina amandla (efana ne-inductor noma i-capacitor).Lo mklamo uqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kanye neVoltage Boost.

Abaguquli be-Boost Abaguquli bangasetshenziswa bodwa noma eCascade ukuze bandise amandla okuphuma.Le ndlela ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile eziphakeme ze-high-voltage kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengezimboni zezimboni nezimoto zikagesi, okwenza ukuguqulwa kophawu kube yingxenye esemqoka ekuguqukeni kwe-VC voltage.Ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage yokushintshana nomsindo, izihlungi zisetshenziselwa abaguquli abaguqukayo.Lezi zihlungi ziqukethe ama-capacitors noma inhlanganisela ye-inductors kanye nama-capacitors.Babusheleleze ama-voltage akhipha futhi banciphise ukuphazamiseka kusuka ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kohlelo lonke.Lapho usebenzisa i-Boost Converter, qaphela ukuthi i-voltage eyandayo inciphisa amandla okugcina amandla ahlala njalo, ngenxa yomthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla.Ukuqonda lokhu kungasiza ekuklameni okufanele nokusetshenziswa kwabaguquli abaguqukayo.

Ekuguqukeni kwezinhlelo zamanje zamanje (ac), ama-transformers asetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka noma anciphise amandla kagesi.Abaguquli basebenza ngokufaka i-voltage emazingeni esicamu ngesibili ngomkhakha kazibuthe oguqukayo owenziwe yi-AC yamanje.Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-DC yamanje ihlala njalo futhi ayidali amandla kazibuthe aguqukayo, abaguqukayo abakwazi ukuheha amandla ohlelweni lwe-DC.Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lwamandla we-DC, kudingeka isiguquli sokukhulisa ukukhulisa amagesi, kuyilapho isiguquli se-Buck sisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amandla kagesi.

Unganciphisa kanjani i-DC Voltage?

Ezinhlelweni zamandla kagesi eziqondile (DC), ukunciphisa i-voltage kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile kunokushintsha amasistimu wamanje (ac) ngoba abaguquli abakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage voltage.Esikhundleni salokho, izindlela ezifana "nokwehliswa kweVoltage Voltage esekelwe" kanye ne- "Voltage Divider Circuits" zivame ukusetshenziswa.Ngezansi, sichaza zombili izindlela zisebenzisa ibhethri le-12-volt njengomthombo wamandla we-DC kanye ne-6-volt, i-6-watt halogen lamp njengesibonelo.

Usebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-voltage-restic yokukhuthaza

Umdwebo 10: Umdwebo we-Wiring of Series Voltage Donsror Resistor

Uchungechunge lweVoltage-Reviting Resistor luyindlela elula futhi evame ukusetshenziswa ukunciphisa i-voltage ngokuxhumanisa umphikisi wenani elifanele ochungechungeni.Lokhu kumelana nochungechunge nomthwalo, ukwaba ingxenye yamandla kagesi ukuze umthwalo uthole amandla aphansi adingekayo.Nazi izinyathelo ezithile:

Nquma inani lamanje: Kususelwa kumandla kanye namandla kagesi womthwalo, ukubala inani lamanje.Isibonelo, nge-6V, i-6w halogen lamp, okwamanje I = P / V = ​​6W / 6V = 1A

Bala ukumelana kochungechunge: Ukuze unciphise u-12 v kuya ku-6 v, i-Resistor Resistor idinga ukuthwala i-6V Voltage Drop.Ngokusho komthetho we-ohm r = v / i, ukumelana okudingekayo R = 6V / 1a = 6

Khetha amandla afanele wokuphikisa: Amandla adinga ukumelana nawo p = v × i = 6v × 1a = 6w, ngakho-ke khetha umphikisi namandla alinganiselwe okungenani okungenani ama-6 W.

Ngemuva kokuxhuma lo msebenzi we-6 we-6 we-6Yize le ndlela ilula, ayisebenzi ngoba ukumelana kudla amandla.Ilungele imibuthano elula enezidingo zamandla aphansi.

I-Voltage Divider Circtuit

Umjikelezo we-voltage ahlukanisayo uyindlela eguquguqukayo yokunciphisa i-voltage, usebenzisa abaphikisi ababili ukuze wakhe isihlukanisi se-voltage futhi uzuze ukusatshalaliswa kwe-voltage oyifunayo.

Khetha amanani wokuphikisa: Khetha ama-Resistis Asezingeni Elihleliwe (R1 no-R2) ukudala isihlukanisi se-voltage.Ukunciphisa i-12V kuya ku-6V, khetha u-R1 = R2, ngakho-ke umphikisi ngamunye umelana nohhafu wamandla kagesi.

Xhuma umjikelezo: Xhumanisa abaphikisi ababili ngochungechunge.Faka isicelo sokuhlinzekwa kwe-12V kulo lonke uchungechunge, futhi uthathe amavolushi kusuka kwi-Middle Node njenge-voltage ekhiphayo.Isibonelo, uma u-R1 no-R2 bobabili bakwa-6ω, indawo ephakathi nendawo bayoba ne-6V.

Xhuma umthwalo: Namathisela umthwalo endaweni ephakathi nendawo ye-voltage divider circuit nasemhlabathini.Ukukhishwa kweVoltage Divider Circuit Voltage The Load's Opper Vertage.

Umdwebo 11: I-Voltage Shivider Circuit

Le ndlela ivumela ukulungiswa kwe-flexible voltage ngokuklanywa kwe-voltage devider circuit futhi kufanelekile kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene.Qinisekisa ukuthi umthelela womthwalo wokumelana uthathwa njengokugcina amandla okukhipha okuzinzile.

Ungawunciphisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komoya?

Izikweletu eziphakeme zomoya zingaba zimbi, kepha kunezindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komoya.Lezi zeluleko ngeke zikusindise imali kuphela ku-Electricity Bill kodwa zizokwelula impilo ye-air conditioner yakho futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo.Nazi iziphakamiso ezisebenzayo.

Umdwebo 12: Amathiphu wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komoya

Cisha i-air conditioner yakho lapho ingasebenzi

Njalo cisha i-air conditioner yakho lapho ungayidingi.Lesi sinyathelo esilula singagcina ugesi omningi.Ngisho noma kumodi yokulinda, ama-air conditioners asebenzisa amandla athile, ngakho-ke ukucipha kuyasiza ngokuphelele ukuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungadingekile.

Gcina i-air conditioner yakho ekushiseni okuhle

Setha i-air conditioner yakho ebangeni lokushisa elinethezekile nelinempilo, njenge-78-82 ° F (26-28 ° C) ehlobo.Izilungiselelo zokushisa eziphansi zandisa umthwalo womoya womoya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Gcina njalo i-air conditioner yakho

Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-air conditioner yakho isebenza kahle.Ukuhlunga okuhlanzekile, hlola umqhudelwano kanye nokuhwamuka, kanye nefriji yefriji njengoba kudingeka.Lezi zinyathelo zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho komoya futhi zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Faka esikhundleni amayunithi amadala noma anephutha

Uma ubona ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwamandla kukhule kakhulu yize kube yisondlo esivamile, kungaba yisikhathi sokuthatha isikhundla sokusebenza komoya wakho.Amamodeli amasha avame ukuba nesilinganiso esiphakeme sokusebenza kwamandla (eer), esinganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Thengisa noma uthuthukise i-air conditioner yakho yakudala

Cabanga ngokuthengisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni somoya wakho wakudala womoya ngemodeli entsha esebenza amandla.Izimo zomoya zesimanje zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuthuthukisiwe obunganciphisa izikweletu zakho zikagesi.

Sebenzisa imishini yokupholisa yokusiza

Ukugijima umlandeli ophahleni eduze kwe-air conditioner kungathuthukisa ukusakazwa komoya futhi kuphole igumbi ngokushesha okukhulu.Lokhu kuvumela i-air conditioner ukuthi isebenze isikhathi esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Khetha amadivayisi we-IOT

Amadivayisi we-Intanethi (ama-IOT) angakusiza ukulawula ngokuqinile ukulawula izilungiselelo zokushintsha nokushisa kwe-air conditioner yakho.Lawa madivaysi aguqula ngokuzenzakalelayo i-air conditioner evulwe noma aphume ngokwezidingo zakho, ukuvimbela imfucuza yamandla.Zingalawulwa futhi ukude ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone.

Vala iminyango namafasitela

Lapho i-air conditioner ivuliwe, iminyango namafasitela kufanele kuvalwe ukuvikela umoya obandayo kusuka ekuphunyukeni, gcina izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lizinzile, linciphise umthwalo we-air conditioner, bese unciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Hlanza isihlungi somoya somoya njalo

Ukuhlanzeka kwesihlungi somoya somoya kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle komoya womoya.Ukuhlanza njalo noma ukufaka esikhundleni isihlungi kungaqinisekisa umoya omncane, ukunciphisa umthwalo we-compressor, futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile

Qiniseka ukuthi i-compressor yomoya ifakwa endaweni epholile.Ilanga eliqondile lingabhoboza i-compressor, linciphise ukusebenza kahle kwe-compressor, futhi likhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Faka ilanga ngenhla kweyunithi yangaphandle noma uyibeke endaweni epholile.

Ngalezi zindlela, unganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-air conditioner, gcina izikweletu zikagesi zanyanga zonke, futhi wandise ukusebenza kahle kanye nempilo yenkonzo ye-air conditioner.Lezi zinyathelo azigcini ngokonga amandla kuphela kodwa futhi zinobungane nemvelo.

Izinzuzo nokubi kwamanje

Umdwebo 13: Izici ze-Direct zamanje

Izinzuzo ze-Direct zamanje

I-Direct yamanje (i-DC) inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezisebenza kahle.Ngokungafani nokushintshana kwamanje (ac), amasistimu we-DC agwema ukulahleka kwamandla ngenxa yamandla asebenzayo, umphumela wesikhumba, kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusebenza kahle.Lokhu kusebenza okuzuzisa kakhulu kwizicelo ezidinga ukudluliswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.I-DC iyindinganiso yesitoreji sebhethri, ilungele ukuthola imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo efana namandla elanga nangomoya.Amaphaneli elanga nama-turbines womoya akhiqiza amandla we-DC, agcinwe kumabhethri abese aguqulwe abe ngu-AC esebenzisa ama-Inverters ukuze asetshenziswe indawo yokuhlala noma yezimboni.

I-DC Power Supplies ihlinzeka nge-voltage eqinile, ehlala njalo noma yamanje efanelekile kumadivayisi we-elekthronikhi abucayi.Lokhu kuqina kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage kanye nomsindo kagesi, okwenza i-DC ebaluleke kakhulu emasimini afuna amandla aphezulu anjengemishini yezokwelapha nezokuxhumana.I-DC ihamba phambili ekulawulweni nasekulitsheni.Ivumela ukuhlelwa okuhle okunembile kwamandla kagesi namanje, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukulawulwa okuqondile, njengezimoto zikagesi, ama-motor kagesi, kanye nezinhlelo ze-automation zezimboni.

I-DC ibuye iphephe, ngengozi ephansi yokushaqeka kukagesi kune-AC.Ngokufakelwa okufanelekile kanye nesisekelo, amasistimu we-DC anganikeza ukuphepha okukhulu emisebenzini ephansi yamandla aphansi futhi alungele izindawo ezifuywayo nezimboni.

Okubi kwe-DC

Kodwa-ke, i-DC ibuye ibe nobunzima bayo.Ukudlulisela i-DC ngamabanga amade akusebenzi.Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu be-DC (HVDC) ubuchwepheshe bungadambisa le nkinga, i-AC ingashintsha kalula i-voltage yayo ngokusebenzisa ama-transformers, okwenza isebenze kahle kakhulu ngamabanga amade.Ukwakha ingqalasizinda yokusatshalaliswa kwe-DC iyabiza futhi iyinkimbinkimbi.Amasistimu we-DC adinga abaguquli be-elektroniki kagesi, abakwa-Inverters, neminye imishini ekhethekile, ukwandisa izindleko zokutshala imali nokugcina.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-DC kukhawulelwe.Ngokungafani namandla e-AC, atholakala kalula kusuka kugridi yombuso, amandla e-DC adinga ukusetha okuthile, njengamabhethri, amaphaneli elanga.Lo mkhawulo unciphise ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwe-DC kwezinye izindawo.Ukuhambisana kwemishini ekhona kungenye inkinga.Iningi lemishini kagesi kanye nemishini yenzelwe amandla e-AC.Ukuguqula lawa madivayisi ku-DC Power kudinga imishini yokuguqula eyengeziwe noma ukuguqulwa, engeza ubulukhuni nezindleko.

Ukugcinwa kwezinhlelo ze-DC kuyinselele enkulu.Izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-elekthronikhi ezifana ne-Inverters kanye nabaguquli zingadinga ukulungiswa okuthe xaxa nokuxazulula inkinga okuyinkimbinkimbi.Lokhu kungakhuphula izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokutshala imali kwesikhathi sohlelo.

Izinzuzo nokubi kokushintsha kwamanje

Isici esiyisihluthulelo sokushintshana kwamanje (ac) ukuthi ushintsho lwayo lwamandla kagesi noma amanje ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imvamisa ukwakha i-wave wave.Ngokungafani ngqo namanje (i-DC), iziqebele ze-AC azinazo izigxobo ezinhle nezibi ngoba ukuqondiswa kwamanje kuvame ukuguquka.I-AC ivame ukukhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi ngokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AC Supply Voltage ingahanjiswa kalula noma phansi kusetshenziswa ama-transformers, lula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo nokusatshalaliswa.

Umdwebo 14: Izici zokushintsha kwamanje

Izinzuzo ze-AC Circuits

Imijikelezo ye-AC inezinzuzo eziningana.Inzuzo eyodwa enkulu ukusetshenziswa kwabaguquli, okwenza lula umthetho we-voltage.Ama-Generator angakhiqiza i-ac ephakeme ye-ac bese ayinyathela ukuhambisa ibanga elide, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi anciphise ukulahleka.Amandla aphezulu anciphisa ukulahleka kokuhambisa.

Enye inzuzo ukuthi i-AC ingaguqulwa kalula ibe yi-DC isebenzisa inqubo, ukuvumela i-AC ukuba ibe namandla ezinhlobonhlobo ze-DC.I-AC ikwazi ukuphatha imithwalo yesigaba esisodwa kanye nemikhawulo emithathu, okwenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni nezasekhaya.Ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwemishini ye-AC kunciphise izindleko, okwenza imishini ye-AC ishibhile, icwecwe, futhi isitayela, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaza ukwamukelwa komhlaba wonke kwe-AC Systems.

Okubi kwemibuthano ye-AC

Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi ze-AC, kukhona ezinye izinto ezinzima.I-AC ayilungele izijikelezo zokushaja kwebhethri ngoba amabhethri adinga i-voltage ye-DC eqhubekayo.Futhi ayilungele i-electroplating kanye ne-gesi kagesi ngoba lezi zimboni zidinga ukuqondiswa kwamanje namandla kagesi.

Inkinga ebalulekile nge-AC ngumphumela wesikhumba, lapho i-AC yamanje ivame ukugeleza ebusweni bomqhubi, yandisa ukumelana okusebenzayo kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwamanje.Emijikelezweni ye-AC, amanani we-inductors kanye nama-capacitors ayahlukahluka ngokuvama, okuxakayo ukwakheka kwesifunda.Izinsizakusebenza ze-AC zivame ukuba nempilo emfushane yenkonzo ngenxa yokudlidliza, umsindo, nemiphumela ye-harmonic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaconsi amavoloji kuma-ac circuits abaluleke kakhulu, aphumela ekulingweni okungekuhle komzimba.Ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini kufanele kulandiswe ngokuziphatha okuthembela kaningi kwabaphikisayo, abayindilinga, kanye nama-capacitors, okunezela ebukilini.

Izicelo ze-DC

Umdwebo 15: Ukusetshenziswa kokuqondile kwamanje

I-Electronics: I-Direct yamanje (i-DC) isetshenziswa kumadivayisi amaningi we-elekthronikhi afana namakhompyutha, ama-Smartphones, amathelevishini, kanye nemisakazo.Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe nezakhi zedijithali kulawa madivayisi adinga ukunikezwa okuqinile kwamandla we-DC ukuze usebenze kahle.Le voltage ehlala njalo futhi yamanje iqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwamadivayisi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziningi zasendlini, kufaka phakathi abalandeli bakagesi, amasistimu anomsindo, namadivayisi we-automation asekhaya, ancike kumandla we-DC asebenze.

Ukunika amandla amadivayisi amancane: Amadivaysi amaningi aphathekayo anikwa amandla amabhethri, anikeza amandla we-DC.Izibonelo zifaka ama-flashlights, izilawuli ezikude, nabadlali bomculo abaphathekayo.Amabhethri ahlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuqinile, okuvumela la madivayisi ukuthi asetshenziswe noma kuphi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphuma kukagesi.Lokhu kube lula kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivaysi angasebenza ngokuthembekile noma ngaphandle kokuphuma kukagesi.

Izimoto zikagesi: Izimoto zikagesi (evs) zithembela kakhulu kumandla we-DC.Amabhethri ku-EVS Store DC Power, eseguqulwa abe amandla okushayela ngemoto kagesi.Uhlelo lokushaja lwe-ONeboard luguqula amandla e-AC kusuka esiteshini sokushaja abe amandla we-DC ukushaja ibhethri.Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwamandla we-DC olusebenzayo nolulawulekayo luthuthukisa ukusebenza nobubanzi be-EVS.

Izinhlelo Zamandla Ezivuselelekayo: Amandla we-DC asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo.Amaphaneli e-Solar Photovoltaic (PV) kanye ne-turbines yomoya akhiqiza okuqondile kwamanje (DC), okuguqulwa kuguqulwe ukushintshana kwamanje (AC) ngabakwa-Inverters ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza zeGridi noma izinhlelo ze-Off-Grid.Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi kusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile.Isibonelo, izinhlelo ezinhle zasendlini, i-DC iguqulwa ngabakwa-Inverters ukuhlinzeka ngamandla asekhaya athembekile.

Ukuxhumana ngocingo: Amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo asebenzisa i-DC ukuqinisekisa amandla okusekelayo wengqalasizinda ebucayi.Imibhoshongo yeseli, izikhungo zedatha, kanye nemishini yezokuxhumana zivame ukuxhumeka ezinhlelweni ze-DC ukuze zilondoloze amandla ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwamandla.Amabhethri kulawa mandla we-DC Power, ahlinzeka ngamandla aqinile ezimeni eziphuthumayo nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuqhubekayo.

Ezokuhamba: I-DC ivame ukusetshenziswa ezitimeleni zikagesi, ama-trams, kanye nezinhlelo ezingaphansi komhlaba.Ama-DC traction Systems anikezela ngokusheshisa okusebenzayo nokulawulwa ngama-DC Motors, okwenza babe yinto elungele izinto zokuhamba zejantshi.Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla okuhamba ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nomthelela wezemvelo.

I-Electroplating: E-Electroplatial Electroplating, i-DC isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izimbobo zensimbi kuma-substrates.Ngokulawula ama-voltage kanye namanje, isilinganiso sensimbi yensimbi singashintshwa ngokunembile ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu ye-electroplating.Ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi kwizimboni zezimoto, ze-elekthronikhi, kanye nemihlobiso yomhlobiso.

I-Welding: I-DC isetshenziswa e-welding ukudala ukukhipha kukagesi phakathi kwe-welding electrode kanye ne-workpiepe.Ukushisa okuvela ekukhishwe kuncibilikisa insimbi, kwakha ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsimbi.Le ndlela ye-welding ijwayelekile ekwakhiweni, ekwenziweni kwezimboni, kanye nokulungisa izimboni futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okuqinile, okuqinile.

Ukucwaninga nokuhlola: Ama-laboraries asebenzisa amandla we-DC ocwaningweni, wokuhlola, nokulinganisa.Imishini yokuhlola idinga umthombo wamandla ozinzile, onembile, futhi i-DC ingahlangabezana nalezi zidingo.Isibonelo, usebenzisa i-DC ukuvivinya izakhi ze-elekthronikhi kuqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nokwethenjwa kwemiphumela yokuhlola.

Izicelo zezokwelapha: I-DC isetshenziswa kumadivayisi wezokwelapha afana nama-pacemaker, defibrillators, amathuluzi we-elekthroli, kanye nemishini ethile yokuxilonga.Lawa madivayisi ancike ku-DC ukuze asebenze ngokuqondile nokulawulwa, eqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola ukwelashwa okuthembekile nokwephephile.Kusetshenziswa i-DC emishini yezokwelapha akukwazi ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa kepha futhi kwandise ukuqina nokuphila kwemishini.

Ngokuqonda lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, abasebenzisi bangaqonda ukuguquguquka nokubaluleka kwe-DC emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, baqinisekise ukusebenza okusebenzayo nokuthembekile ecaleni ngalinye lokusetshenziswa.

Izicelo ze-AC

Umdwebo 16: Izicelo ze-AC

Ukuhamba kanye Nezimboni Zobubanzi Isizukulwane: Ukushintsha kwamanje (ac) kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi zokuhamba kanye nezizukulwane zezimboni.Cishe wonke amakhaya namabhizinisi athembele ku-AC ngezidingo zawo zansuku zonke zamandla.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuqondisa okuqondile kwamanje (i-DC) kunebanga elilinganiselwe lezicelo ngoba livame ukufudumala ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwamabanga amade, okukhulisa izingozi zomlilo nezindleko.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima nge-DC ukuguqula ama-voltage aphezulu futhi aphansi wamanje kuya kumandla kagesi aphansi kanye namanje, ngenkathi i-AC ingakwenza kalula lokhu nge-transformer.

Izinto zasendlini: I-AC Powers motor kagesi, eguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini.Izinto zasekhaya ezinjengeziqandisini, izitsha, izitsha zokulahla udoti, kanye namahhavini wonke ancike ku-AC ukusebenza.Ama-motors kulezi zinto zokusebenza asebenzisa i-AC ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yemishini.I-AC ingumthombo wamandla okhethwayo wamadivayisi asekhaya ngenxa yokwethembeka kwawo kanye nokwenza lula.

Amadivayisi anikwe amandla ebhethri: Yize i-AC inamandla, i-DC ilungele amadivayisi anikwe ibhethri.Lawa madivayisi avame ukukhokhiswa nge-adaptha eguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC, njenge-adaptha ye-AC / DC exhuma ku-socket socket noma uxhumano lwe-USB.Izibonelo zifaka ama-flashlights, izingcingo eziphathwayo, ama-TV anamuhla (ane-adaptha ye-AC / DC), nezimoto zikagesi.Yize la madivayisi esebenza kumandla we-DC, umthombo wawo wamandla uvame ukuguqulwa kwe-AC, ngokuguqulwa kuphathwe yi-adaptha.

Uhlelo Lokusabalalisa: I-AC inezinzuzo ezibalulekile ohlelweni lokusabalalisa.Ngokusebenzisa ama-transformers, i-AC ingaguqulwa kalula ibe ngama-voltages ahlukile ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla ahlukahlukene.Abaguquli benza kube nzima ukufeza umsebenzi ofanayo ezinhlelweni ze-DC, ngakho-ke i-AC ivumelana nezimo futhi isebenza kahle ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla.Ukudluliswa kwamandla aphezulu kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamandla, okubaluleke kakhulu ekudluliseleni ibanga elide.Ukuthatha ama-voltage ahlinzekwa amandla ama-volt ama-250 volts, amanje ama-amperes ama-4, ukumelana kwentambo kungu-1 ohm, futhi amandla okuhambisa ama-watts ayi-1000, ngokuya ngefomulaama-watts ayi-16, akhombisa inzuzo yokudluliswa kwamandla we-voltage ephezulu ekunciphiseni ukulahleka.

Umdwebo 17: Uhlelo lokusabalalisa kwamandla e-AC

Umehluko phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC Voltage

Amandla kagesi eza ngamafomu amabili aphambili: Ukushintshana kwamanje (ac) kanye ne-Direct yamanje (DC).Zombili zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi kagesi, kepha zihluke kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwazo, amaphethini wesiginali, nezinye izici.Imininingwane elandelayo umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC.

Umdwebo 18: AC Votage vs. DC Voltage

Incazelo nephethini yesiginali

I-AC Votage ishayela i-Oscillating Flow ye-Oscillating Flow yamanje ephakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili, ngokuqondisa kokushintsha kwamanje ngezikhathi ezithile.Ngokuphambene, i-DC voltage ikhiqiza umuntu ongaziwa njengamanje phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili, ngokuqondisa kokuhlala kwamanje okusele.I-AC VOLTAGE ne-TRASHT YAMAHHALA ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imvamisa ukwakha igagasi le-sine, igagasi lesikwele, i-trapezoidal wave, noma igagasi elingunxantathu.I-DC ingahle ibe nokudonswa noma okumsulwa, ngesiqondiso esiqhubekayo nokuphakama.

Imvamisa nokusebenza kahle

I-AC Frequency iyehluka ngesifunda, nge-60 HZ yokuba yinto evamile eNyakatho Melika kanye ne-50 Hz eYurophu nangezinye izifunda.I-DC ayinakuvama, empeleni, imvamisa yayo kungu-zero.Ukusebenza kahle kwe-AC kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1, ngenkathi ukusebenza kahle kwe-DC kuhlala ku-0

Ukuqondiswa kwamanje nokuguquguquka

I-AC Inkomba yamanje iyashintsha njalo, ibangela amandla ayo kanye namanani wamanje ukuze aguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ukuqondiswa kwamanje kwe-DC kuhlala kungaguquguquki, kanye nama-voltage kanye namanani wamanje aqinile.Lokhu kwenza i-AC ilungele imithwalo enamandla, kanti i-DC ilungele kangcono imithombo yamandla ezinzile.

Imithombo yamandla nokuguqulwa

I-AC ivame ukukhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi futhi ingaguqulwa kalula ibe ngama-voltages ahlukene usebenzisa ama-transformers, lula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.I-DC imvamisa ivela kumabhethri noma amabhethri wokugcina.Ukuguqula i-DC ku-AC kudinga i-inverter ngenkathi kuguqulwa i-AC ku-DC kudinga inqubo.

Izinhlobo nezimo eziguqukayo

I-AC ingaphatha imithwalo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amandla, ukuwohloka, kanye nokumelana.I-DC ilungele imithwalo yokumelana.Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenziwa kabusha kwenza ukuthi i-AC isetshenziswe kabanzi emishini yasendlini kanye nezezimboni, njengezitsha zokugeza izitsha, eziqandisini nezinhle.I-DC ijwayelekile kumadivayisi aphathekayo kanye nama-elekthronikhi, njengezingcingo eziphathwayo, ama-LCD TV, nezimoto zikagesi.

Ukuphepha kanye Nezicelo

Kokubili i-AC ne-DC kuyingozi eyingozi, kepha i-DC imvamisa iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuqondisa kwayo okuhlala njalo kanye nobukhulu obukhulu bamanje.I-AC isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko emikhakheni ephezulu yamandla kanye nemishini yezimboni, ngenkathi i-DC igcwele kumadivayisi aphathwa ngebhethri kanye ne-elekthronikhi.

Ukudluliselwa kwamandla nokulahleka

I-AC ingadluliselwa kahle nge-High-Voltage Direct yamanje (HVDC) yamanje (HVDC), inciphisa ukulahleka kwamabanga amade.Yize i-DC ingaphinde idluliselwe ngaphezulu kwezinhlelo ze-HVDC, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekudluliseleni amandla akujwayelekile.Izinhlelo ze-HVDC zithuthuke kakhulu futhi zilungele kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi kudinga ukwehliswa.

Izinhlobo ezikhukhulayo kanye nokuhlaziywa

Ukuhlaziywa imvamisa ye-AC kusetshenziselwa ukubala impendulo ye-voltal ye-voltal encane yesifunda.Umsebenzi we-DC Sweep ubala iphuzu lokusebenza lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okucacisiwe ngaphezulu kwamanani amavolumu, imvamisa ekukhuphukeni okuchaziwe.Umsebenzi we-DC Sweep uhambisana nanoma yikuphi ukunikezwa kwamandla okunengxenye ye-DC eguquguqukayo, kunamanani okushanela kusuka kuma-milliseconds afinyelela kuma-10,000 amasekhondi, futhi angasebenza esebenzisa i-ramp noma i-waveform enobukhulu.

Umdwebo 19: Umehluko phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC

Ungaguqula kanjani i-ac voltage ku-DC voltage

Ukuguqula okunye okushintshashintshayo kwamanje (ac) ukuqondisa amanje (i-DC) kubalulekile kumandla we-elektroniki.Le nqubo isebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene namadivayisi, ngalinye linezimpawu ezithile kanye nezicelo.Nazi izindlela ezintathu ezivamile zokuguqula i-ac voltage ku-DC voltage: izingcingo, abaguquli be-rotary, kanye nezinsizakalo zamandla wemodi yokushintsha (i-SMPS).

Umdwebo 20: I-AC ku-DC Power Supply Palsula Power Prayud

Ama-rexifers

I-REXTIFERS HLOLA i-AC ku-DC ochungechungeni lwezinyathelo:

• Ukwehliswa kwamandla kagesi: I-High-Voltage AC isebenza kahle kakhulu ukudlulisa, kepha i-voltage kumele incishiswe ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuphepha.I-Step-Down Transformer isebenzisa isilinganiso sokujika phakathi kwamakhoyili ayisisekelo nawesibili ukunciphisa ivota.Ikhoyili eyinhloko inokujika okuthe xaxa, iguqula i-voltage ephezulu ibe ngugesi ophansi, olusebenzayo.

• I-AC ekuguqukeni kwe-DC: Ngemuva kokuthi i-voltage incishisiwe, kusetshenziselwa inqubo yokuguqula i-AC ku-DC.Umugqa webhuloho eligcwele nge-Diache ezine evamile.Lezi zinto ezihlangene zishintshana phakathi kwemijikelezo emihle nengalungile yengxenye ye-AC ukukhiqiza i-DC edonsa i-DC.Ukuziphatha okubili okudidiyele ngesikhathi somjikelezo omuhle nesigamu nokuziphatha okubili ngesikhathi somjikelezo ongemuhle, uzuze ukulungiswa okugcwele.

• I-DC WaveForm ethuthukisiwe: I-waveform yokuqala ye-DC waveform ine-poputions kanye nokushintshashintsha.Ama-capacitor asheshe i-waveform ngokugcina amandla lapho i-voltage yokufaka inyuka futhi ayikhulule lapho i-voltage yehla, okuholela ekuphumeni kwe-DC eSmoother.

• I-Stinding DC Voltage: I-Voltage Regulator Contered Circuit (IC) iqinisa i-DC voltage ibe yinani eliqhubekayo.Ama-ICS anjengo-7805 no-7809 alawule okuphuma ku-5V no-9V, ngokulandelana, ngokulandela amandla aqinile.

I-Rotary Converter

Isiguquli se-rotary siyithuluzi lemishini eliguqula amandla we-AC libe amandla we-DC usebenzisa amandla e-kinetic kanye nokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.

• Ukwakheka nokusebenza: Siqukethe i-armature ejikelezayo kanye nekhoyili yokuxokozela.Amandla we-AC alungiswe nguMkhakheni ahlanganiswe ku-rotor winging ukukhiqiza amandla we-DC.

• Ukusebenza: I-COIL enikelwe amandla ijikeleze, ethokozisayo i-Fixed Winding Winding, ikhiqiza amandla amanzi amanzi.Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ac generator ngenxa yamasongo e-ac slip.

Ukushintsha Ukunikezwa Kwamandla (i-SMPS)

Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okushintsha (i-SMPS) kungumjikelezo osebenza kahle ngogesi oguqula amandla e-AC awe amandla e-DC.

• Ukulungiswa kabusha nokuhlunga: Amandla e-AC aqala ukuguqulwa abe amandla we-DC adonswe yi-rexifier bese eqoshwa isihlungi.

• Ukuguqulwa okuvame kakhulu: Amandla we-DC asusiwe acutshungulwa yizinto zokushintsha okuthe xaxa (ezinjenge-mothets) futhi aguqulwe aguqulwe amandla aphezulu we-AC.I-Pulse Width Modulant (PWM) ilawula i-voltage ekhiphayo futhi yamanje.

• Ushintsho kanye nokulungiswa kabusha: Amandla aphezulu we-AC alawulwa yi-transformer abese aguqulwe abuyele emandleni e-DC ngokulungisa inqubo.

• Ukuhlunga okukhiphayo: Ekugcineni, amandla we-DC adlula esivikelweni sokuphuma ukuze aqhubeke abusheleleze i-waveform futhi ahlinzeke ngokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile kwe-DC.

I-SMPS isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Computer Power Supply, ama-TV, kanye namashaja webhethri ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo.Ngokulandela lezi zindlela, ungaguqula ngempumelelo i-ac voltage ku-DC voltage, uqinisekise ukunikezwa kwamandla athembekile kwamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi ahlukahlukene.

Ukugcina

I-DC ne-AC ngayinye inezinzuzo ezihlukile nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.I-DC isetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi kagesi, izimoto zikagesi, nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo;Ngenkathi i-AC ivame kakhulu emakhaya, izimboni, kanye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla amabanga amade ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwayo okulula kwe-voltage nokuhambisa kahle.Ngokuya ngesilinganiso kanye nokulawulwa, ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo nezinqubo zokusebenza ze-DC ne-AC kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kohlelo lwamandla.Ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwalesi sihloko, abafundi abakwazi ukukwazi kuphela ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-DC ne-AC kodwa futhi basebenzise lolu lwazi ekusebenzeni ukuze bathuthukise izinga labo kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi.Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana inganikeza inkomba kanye nesiqondiso esibalulekile sochwepheshe nabathandi bokusebenza ngogesi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo [I-FAQ]

1. Uhlola kanjani i-AC vs DC?

Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe okwamanje yi-AC noma i-DC, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter.Okokuqala, lungisa i-multimeter kwimodi yokuhlola kagesi.Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi hlobo luni lomthombo wamandla olisebenzisayo, kunconywa ukuthi uluhlole esimweni se-AC kuqala.Thinta amapeni abomvu nemnyama amnyama emaphethelweni amabili omthombo wamandla.Uma i-multimeter ikhombisa inani le-voltage, yi-AC;Uma kungekho mpendulo, shintshela endaweni ye-DC bese uvivinya futhi.Uma kukhombisa inani le-voltage ngalesi sikhathi, yi-DC.Qiniseka ukuthi uhla lwe-multimeter lufanele lapho lusebenza ukugwema ukulimala kwemitha.

2. Ungayiguqula kanjani i-DC ibe yi-AC?

Idivaysi evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-DC iye ku-AC ibizwa ngokuthi yi-inverter.I-Inverter yamukela okokufaka kwe-DC futhi ngokuqhubekayo icisha indlela yamanje yokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesifunda (imvamisa isebenzisa ama-transtors noma ama-mosfets njengokushintshwa) ukukhiqiza i-AC.Ukukhetha i-inverter efanele kuncike kumandla akhiqizwayo okuphuma kanye nemvamisa, kanye nohlobo lomthwalo ofuna ukushayela.Isibonelo, lapho ukhetha i-inserter yohlelo lwelanga lasekhaya, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi i-voltage yayo yokukhipha kanye imvamisa ifana nemishini yasekhaya.

3. Ukwazi kanjani uma i-DC noma i-AC?

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-multimeter, ungenza futhi ukwahlulela kokuqala ngokubuka uhlobo ne-logo yedivayisi yokulayisha.Imvamisa, i-voltage yokufaka kanye nohlobo kumakwe emishini yasendlini.Uma kumakwe "DC", kusho ukuthi i-DC iyadingeka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umthombo wamandla uyibhethri noma iphakethe lebhethri, cishe njalo kuphuma i-DC.Ngemithombo yamandla engaziwa, indlela ephephe futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke ukusebenzisa i-multimeter ukuqinisekisa.

4. Ngabe amabhethri ac noma i-DC?

Imiphumela yebhethri iqondisa amanje (DC).Amabhethri akhiqiza amandla kagesi ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi umphumela uyisitebelo esizinzile samanje, esilungele amadivaysi aphathekayo kanye namadivayisi we-elekthronikhi adinga ukulethwa okuzinzile futhi okuqhubekayo.

5. Ngabe i-AC ikhona ngokushesha kune-DC?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo incike encazelweni ye- "Fast".Uma kubhekiswa ngejubane lokugeleza kwamanje, eqinisweni, ijubane lapho ama-elektroni ahamba ngalo kumqhubi wesifundo (i-electron Drift velocity) ihamba kancane, noma ngabe i-AC noma i-DC.Kepha uma kusebenza kahle nesivinini sokudluliselwa kwamandla kubhekwa, i-AC ingadluliselwa kalula kumandla kagesi aphezulu nge-transformer, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, futhi kufanelekile ukuhanjiswa kwamandla amabanga amade.Kulolo mbono, i-AC ivame ukubhekwa "ngokushesha" ngokuya ngokudluliselwa kwamandla futhi ilungele kakhulu ama-grid amakhulu amakhulu.I-DC ibuye ikhombise izinzuzo ezicelo ezithile zesimanje (ezinjengezikhungo zedatha noma ngezinhlobo ezithile zobuchwepheshe bokuhambisa ibanga), ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngokulahleka kwamandla.